Chapter 4 Rock Types & Rock Cycle

Question 1

What are the 3 types of rock?

Answer 1

1. Magmatic rock
   -rocks that are formed during the crystallization of magma
   -example: granite
2. Sedimentary rock
   -rocks that are formed during the lithification of sediments
   -example: sandstone
3. Metamorphic rock
   -rocks that are formed during metamorphism of previous existing rocks
   -example: marble

Question 2

Explain the Rock Cycle (refer to notebook for better notes hehe)

Answer 2

1. As big rock or mountain weather and erode, they are transported by water and wind to sedimentary basins like lakes or oceans
2. This process results in accumulation of sediments. The sediments which are originally from eroded igneous and metamorphic rocks will be buried and begin to lithify.
3. The process of compaction and cementation will expel water and cement the grains into sedimentary rocks
4. When sedimentary rocks undergo high temperature and pressure, metamorphic rocks will formed
5. For example, sedimentary rocks like sandstone undergo metamorphism to become metamorphic rocks like quartzite
6. When metamorphic rocks are buried under high temperature and pressure closed to mantle, it will melt the rocks into magma and when it cols, it undergo crystallization and formed igneous rocks.
7. Igneous rocks are called intrusive rocks when molten magma cool and solidify beneath the earth surface. Intrusive rocks cool slower beneath the surface allowing massive crystals to develop. Example of intrusive igneous rock is granite.
8. When molten magma cools and solidify above the surface of the earth, it is called extrusive igneous rocks. Extrusive rocks cool more rapidly hence reducing the time for the crystals to form within the rocks. Example of extrusive rock is basalt.