chapter 4 review

Question 1

asexual reproduction

Answer 1

a type of reproduction–fission, budding, and regeneration– in which a new organism is produced from one organism and has DNA identical to the parent orgasnism.

Question 2

chromosome

Answer 2

structure in a cell’s nucleus that contains hereditary material.

Question 3

diploid

Answer 3

a cell whose similar chromosomes occur in pairs

Question 4

DNA

Answer 4

deoxyribonucleic acid; the genetic material of all organisms; made up of two twisted strands of sugar-phosphate molecules and nitrogen bases.

Question 5

egg

Answer 5

haploid sex cell formed in the female reproductive organs.

Question 6

fertilization

Answer 6

in sexual reproduction, the joining of a sperm and egg.

Question 7

gene

Answer 7

section DNA on a chromosome that contains instructions for making specific proteins.

Question 8

haploid

Answer 8

a cell that has half the number of chromosomes as body cells.

Question 9

meiosis

Answer 9

the reproductive process that produces four haploid sex cells from one diploid cell and ensures offspring will have the same number of chromosomes as the parent organisms.

Question 10

mitosis

Answer 10

the cell process in which the nucleus divides to form two nuclei identical to each other, and identical to the original nucleus, in a series of steps (prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.

Question 11

mutation

Answer 11

any permanent change in a gene or chromosome of a cell; may be beneficial, harmful, or have a little effect on an organism.

Question 12

RNA

Answer 12

ribonucleic acid; a type of nucleic acid that carries codes for making proteins from the nucleus to the ribosomes.

Question 13

sexual reproduction

Answer 13

a type of reproduction in which two sex cells, usually an egg and a sperm, join to form a zygote, which will develop into a new organism with a unique identity,

Question 14

sperm

Answer 14

haploid sex cells formed in the male reproductive organs; in humans, male reproductive cells produced in the testes.

Question 15

zygote

Answer 15

a new diploid cell formed when a sperm fertilizes an egg; will divide by mitosis and develop into a new organism.

Question 16

parent cell

Answer 16

the original cell

Question 17

daughter cell

Answer 17

2 new cells that are created after cell division process.

Question 18

cytokinesis

Answer 18

the cytoplasmic division of a cell at the end of mitosis or meiosis, bringing about the separation into two daughter cells.

Question 19

apoptosis

Answer 19

the death of cells which occurs as a normal and controlled part of an organism’s growth or development.

Question 20

spindle fibers

Answer 20

Spindle fibers are filaments that form the mitotic spindle in cell division, i.e. mitosis and meiosis.

Question 21

chromosomes

Answer 21

a threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes.

Question 22

centrioles

Answer 22

a minute cylindrical organelle near the nucleus in animal cells, occurring in pairs and involved in the development of spindle fibers in cell division.