Chapter 4: Representation and Concept Formation

Question 1

Dual representation

Answer 1

Thinking about one thing in two ways at the same time- as both an object and a symbol

Question 2

Representational Insight

Answer 2

Detect and represent mentally the relationship between the symbol and it’s referent

Question 3

Representational insight depends on:

Answer 3

• Similarity of symbol and referent
• Information provided about the relationship between the symbol and the referent
• Prior experience with symbols

Question 4

_____ can be a great elaboration of events, well beyond the normal expectations of memory ability of that age

Answer 4

Scripts

Question 5

Other Representations:

Answer 5

Maps, Scripts, Gesture

Question 6

Degree of similarity between depiction and real object

Answer 6

Iconicity

Question 7

_____ is the ability to represent the objects of cognition by means of symbols. (Eg. a word can represent a class of objects)

Answer 7

Symbolic Capacity

Question 8

Highly ______ pictures may be easier for infants to use because they share more attributes (cues) with their _____

Answer 8

Iconic, referents

Question 9

Infants form _____ for the recurrent stimuli and events of our world.

Answer 9

Categories

Question 10

Things that occur in nature. (Eg. Animals, plants, minerals)

Answer 10

Natural Kinds

Question 11

Learned through human experience. (Eg. Uncle, princess, work, places)

Answer 11

Nominal Kinds

Question 12

Man-made objects. (Eg. Furniture, cars, computers)

Answer 12

Artifacts

Question 13

Hierarchic Levels:

Answer 13

Superordinate, Basic, Subordinate

Question 14

Children learn _______ level words first

Answer 14

Basic

Question 15

Naive Physics

Answer 15

Theory of the physical world

Question 16

Naive Biology

Answer 16

Theory of living things

Question 17

Naive Psychology

Answer 17

Theory of behaviour and the mind

Question 18

Naive Biology has 4 concepts:

Answer 18

Growth, Illness, Movement, Inheritance

Question 19

One-to-one principle

Answer 19

A counter must successively assign one distinctive number name to each and every item to be counted

Question 20

Stable-order principle

Answer 20

When counting, one should always recite the number names in the same order.

Question 21

Cardinal principle

Answer 21

The final number name uttered at the end of a counting sequence gives the cardinal-number value of the set

Question 22

Abstraction principle

Answer 22

Anything is potentially countable

Question 23

Order-irrelevance principle

Answer 23

It does not matter in what order you enumerate the objects you are counting

Question 24

Principle first model

Answer 24

Principles are available early on

Difficulties are due to performance limitations that obscure underlying knowledge

Question 25

Skill first model

Answer 25

First develop skill of counting

Gradual abstraction of principles with increasing counting experience

Question 26

Arithmetic performance varies with the _____ in which it occurs

Answer 26

Context

Question 27

Determining that individual instances belong to the same general category

Answer 27

Inductive Reasoning

Question 28

_____ support concepts of the physical and social worlds, reasoning, problem solving, remembering, and language acquisition and use.

Answer 28

Representations

Question 29

Representational Specificity

Answer 29

The realization that a symbol can represent a specific real entity

Question 30

A generalized, temporally and spatially organized, sequence of events about some common routine with a goal

Answer 30

Script

Question 31

One important role that _____ play is to permit inferences or inductions about category members.

Answer 31

Concepts

Question 32

Subitizing

Answer 32

The term for the rapid apprehension of number in small sets through perception alone, and thus without the use of counting

Question 33

There are ______ counting principles

Answer 33

Five