CHAPTER 4: RECOGNIZING VISUAL OBJECTS

Question 1

Image Clutter

Answer 1

A characteristic of visual scenes in which many objects are scattered in 3D space

WITH partial occlusion of various parts of objects by other objects

Question 2

Variable Views

Answer 2

The different retinal images that can be projected by the same object or category o objects

Question 3

Surface Completion

Answer 3

The perception of a partially hidden surface as complete: one of the operations involved in perceptual interpolation

Question 4

Perceptual Interpolation

Answer 4

It uses the visible parts of an object, with our knowledge about object shape and about how edges tend to relate to one another in real scenes, to represent the hidden parts of the object

Question 5

Border Ownership

Answer 5

The perception that an edge, or border, is “owned” by a particular region of the retinal image.

Question 6

Figure

Answer 6

A region of an image that is perceived as being part of an object.

Question 7

Ground

Answer 7

A region of an image that is perceived as part of the background.

Question 8

Depth

Answer 8

When one region is perceived to be in front of another, the region in front is perceived as owning the border between the regions and is perceived as figure and the other region is perceived as ground.

Question 9

Surroundedness

Answer 9

If a region is completely surrounded by another region, then the surrounded region tends to be perceived as owning the border and therefore perceived as figure, while the surrounding region is perceived as ground.

Question 10

Symmetry

Answer 10

A region with symmetrical background.

Ex: black regions are likely to be seen as figures, whereas the white region between them is likely to be seen as part of the background.

Question 11

Convexity

Answer 11

Regions with convex (outward-bulging) borders are more likely to be perceived as figures than are regions with concave (inward-going) borders

This is thought to reflect the fact that most objects have smooth, convex shapes.

Question 12

Meaningfulness

Answer 12

The visual system recognizes object shapes priorto assignment of border ownership and determination of figure-ground organization.

Question 13

Simplicity

Answer 13

The number and placement of shapes composing the image.

Our visual system tends to notice simplicity first.

Question 14

Edge Completion

Answer 14

The perception of a partially hidden age as complete; one of the operations involved in perceptual interpolation.