Chapter 4 Readings

Question 1

Human body composition is divided into 2 masses

Answer 1

• fat free mass

- body fat

Question 2

Fat free mas is composed of…

Answer 2

the body’s non fat tissues

- bone,water, muscle, organs

Question 3

Body fat comes in three types

Answer 3

• Subcutaneous fat
• Visceral Fat
• Ectopic fat

Question 4

Subcutaneous fat

Answer 4

fat just beneath the skin

Question 5

visceral fat

Answer 5

fat inside abdominal wall

• risk of heart disease
• main contributor to obesity

Question 6

ectopic fat

Answer 6

fat on organs

Question 7

percent body fat

Answer 7

percentage of body weight that is composed of fat

Question 8

the key to keeping healthy ratio of fat to fat-free-mass is maintaining…

Answer 8

energy balance

Question 9

when looking at the energy balance scale, most “energy out” (energy being consumed) is being consumed by…

Answer 9

resting metabolism (65-70%)

Question 10

define overweight

Answer 10

having a total body weight above the recommended range

Question 11

define obesity

Answer 11

serious degree of overweight

Question 12

cons of Body Mass Index (BMI) measurement method

Answer 12

doesn’t distinguish between fat weight and fat-free weight

- inaccurate for short people/atheltes/ and older adults

Question 13

Type 1 diabetes

Answer 13

pancreas produces little or no insulin

- glucose builds up in bloodstream

Question 14

type 2 diabetes

Answer 14

pancreas produces too little insulin or cells are resistant to signal of insulin
- glucose builds up in bloodstream

Question 15

men and postmenopausal women store fat in…

Answer 15

upper regions of body / abdominal area

Question 16

premnopausal women store fat in..

Answer 16

hips, thighs

Question 17

female athlete triad

Answer 17

3 interrelated disorder

abnormal eating, excessive exercise, amenorrhea (lack of period)

Question 18

what is the study of nutrigenomics?

Answer 18

how nutrients and genes interact in the body

- how are genes indicate how we’ll use nutrients

Question 19

define metabolism

Answer 19

sum of all processes where food energy and nutrients are made available to the body

Question 20

define “resting metabolic rate (RMR)”

Answer 20

the energy required to maintain homeostasis while the body is at rest.
- affected by weight gain/loss

Question 21

a higher RMR means that…

Answer 21

that person burns more calories while at rest and can take in more calories without weight gain

Question 22

when a person loses weight…

Answer 22

RMR and energy required to perform physical tasks decreases

Question 23

Hormone thought to be linked to obesity

Answer 23

Leptin

- this hormone regulate appetite

Question 24

Weight management diets consider

Answer 24

total calories
portion sizes
energy density
eating habits

Question 25

To maintain current weight, total calories you eat

Answer 25

must equal the number you burn

Question 26

Portion sizes

Answer 26

ratio of calories to food size

- larger the emal, greater underestimation of calories

Question 27

Energy (Calorie) Density

Answer 27

of calories per gram of food

• avoid large amounts of energy dense foods and eat more fresh fruits and vegetables
• fresh fruits/veggies are low in energy density but higher in nutrient density

Question 28

Reasonable weight loss takes time.. How much weight, and how much time?

Answer 28

8-10% of body weight over six months