Chapter 4 Readings Flashcards
Human body composition is divided into 2 masses
- fat free mass
- body fat
Fat free mas is composed of…
the body’s non fat tissues
- bone,water, muscle, organs
Body fat comes in three types
- Subcutaneous fat
- Visceral Fat
- Ectopic fat
Subcutaneous fat
fat just beneath the skin
visceral fat
fat inside abdominal wall
- risk of heart disease
- main contributor to obesity
ectopic fat
fat on organs
percent body fat
percentage of body weight that is composed of fat
the key to keeping healthy ratio of fat to fat-free-mass is maintaining…
energy balance
when looking at the energy balance scale, most “energy out” (energy being consumed) is being consumed by…
resting metabolism (65-70%)
define overweight
having a total body weight above the recommended range
define obesity
serious degree of overweight
cons of Body Mass Index (BMI) measurement method
doesn’t distinguish between fat weight and fat-free weight
- inaccurate for short people/atheltes/ and older adults
Type 1 diabetes
pancreas produces little or no insulin
- glucose builds up in bloodstream
type 2 diabetes
pancreas produces too little insulin or cells are resistant to signal of insulin
- glucose builds up in bloodstream
men and postmenopausal women store fat in…
upper regions of body / abdominal area
premnopausal women store fat in..
hips, thighs
female athlete triad
3 interrelated disorder
abnormal eating, excessive exercise, amenorrhea (lack of period)
what is the study of nutrigenomics?
how nutrients and genes interact in the body
- how are genes indicate how we’ll use nutrients
define metabolism
sum of all processes where food energy and nutrients are made available to the body
define “resting metabolic rate (RMR)”
the energy required to maintain homeostasis while the body is at rest.
- affected by weight gain/loss
a higher RMR means that…
that person burns more calories while at rest and can take in more calories without weight gain
when a person loses weight…
RMR and energy required to perform physical tasks decreases
Hormone thought to be linked to obesity
Leptin
- this hormone regulate appetite
Weight management diets consider
total calories
portion sizes
energy density
eating habits
To maintain current weight, total calories you eat
must equal the number you burn
Portion sizes
ratio of calories to food size
- larger the emal, greater underestimation of calories
Energy (Calorie) Density
of calories per gram of food
- avoid large amounts of energy dense foods and eat more fresh fruits and vegetables
- fresh fruits/veggies are low in energy density but higher in nutrient density
Reasonable weight loss takes time.. How much weight, and how much time?
8-10% of body weight over six months
