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AGR 345 Soil Science > Chapter 4 Quiz > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Quiz Flashcards

1
Q

8 soil physical properties

A
  1. soil color
  2. soil texture
  3. soil structure
  4. soil densities
  5. total porosity
  6. soil compaction
  7. soil tilth
  8. aggregate stability
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2
Q

easiest soil properties to change

A

color, structure, bulk density, soil porosity, compaction, aggregate stability

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3
Q

what are the two soil densities

A

bulk density and particle density

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4
Q

bulk density >1.5 g/cm3 =

A

compacted

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5
Q

organic soil has a bulk density < _____ g/cm3

A

1

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6
Q

mineral soil has a bulk density > ______ g/cm3

A

1

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7
Q

particle density =

A

2.65 g/cm3

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8
Q

the water and air in the soil equals…

A

total porosity

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9
Q

water has _____ pores

A

small

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10
Q

air has _____ pores

A

large

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11
Q

total porosity functions

A

air movement/circulation and water movement/circulation

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12
Q

total porosity size

A

macropores, micropores, and mosopores

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13
Q

soil tilth

A

how easy it is to till

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14
Q

aggregate stability

A

relates to soil erosion

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15
Q

organic matter is the ____ of aggregates

A

glue

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16
Q

4 soil color determinants

A
  1. mineralogy
  2. organic matter
  3. hydrology
  4. soil chemistry
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17
Q

determining soil color

A

Munsell Color Chart, hue, chroma, and value

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18
Q

soil colors common in Calloway County

A

7.5YR and 10YR

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19
Q

10 YR 6/3
10YR =
6=
3=

A

10YR = hue
6= value
3= chroma

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20
Q

y axis =

A

value

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21
Q

x axis =

A

chroma

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22
Q

top right corner

A

hue

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23
Q

A horizon

A

mid/low value and low chroma

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24
Q

E horizon

A

high value and low chroma

25
Q

B horizon

A

we don’t know

26
Q

water table depth can impact…

A

soil color

27
Q

soil texture

A

proportion of sand, silt, or clay in the soil

28
Q

soil separate

A

three categories based on particle size

29
Q

largest particle size =
smallest particle size =

A

l = sand
s = clay

30
Q

soil texture importance

A

related to porosity and surface area

31
Q

__ texture classes

A

12

32
Q

texture-by-feel

A

field texture id method

33
Q

hydrometer

A

lab texture id method

34
Q

sedimentation

A

texture id method

35
Q

soil must have a particle diameter…

A

< 2mm

36
Q

sand diameter

A

2.0 - 0.05mm

37
Q

sand dominant material

A

quartz

38
Q

silt diameter

A

0.05-0.002mm

39
Q

silt dominant materials

A

quartz / feldspar / mica

40
Q

clay diameter

A

<0.002mm

41
Q

clay dominant materials

A

secondary minerals

42
Q

soil texture importance (4)

A
  1. provides water flow potential
  2. influences water holding capacity
  3. indicates fertility potential
  4. indicates suitability for urban purposes, such as buildings
43
Q

sand characteristics (4)

A
  1. low specific surface area
  2. gritty
  3. resists compaction and increases porosity
  4. rapid infiltration and drainage
44
Q

specific surface area means…

A

how well soil can absorb water and nutrients

45
Q

silt characteristics (4)

A
  1. high specific surface area
  2. silky and smooth
  3. promotes water retention and air circulation
  4. moderate infiltration
46
Q

clay characteristics (6)

A
  1. large surface area
  2. small pores
  3. high water holding capacity
  4. increased water retention
  5. slow infiltration and poor drainage
  6. sticky and easily compacted
47
Q

small clay particles are…

A

colloids

48
Q

USDA textural classes

A

sandy soils (coarse), loamy soils (medium), clayey soils (fine)

49
Q

soil porosity

A

the total volume of soil pores and the distribution of pore sizes

50
Q

ideal soil porosity is…

A

50%

51
Q

soil compaction = soil porosity…

A

> 50%

52
Q

sand has ____ # or % of pores but _______ size

A

less; bigger

53
Q

clay has ____ # or % of pores but _______ size

A

more; smaller

54
Q

Western KY has

A

silt loam

55
Q

____: large particles = large pore spaces

A

sand

56
Q

____: small particles = small pore spaces

A

clay

57
Q

more specific surface area is better because…

A

it can absorb more nutrients

58
Q

specific surface area formula

A

surface area / mass (label cm2/g)

59
Q

clay is _________ in the texture triangle

A

horizontal

AGR 345 Soil Science (3 decks)

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