Chapter 4 Planning the urban forest Flashcards
street tree planting goals include what?
a. planting in all available spaces
b. planting a diverse range of species
c. equalising the number of trees in neighborhoods across the city
describe the main factors to consider when selecting species to plant at a site
a. Site factors: soil type, slope, elevation, and cultural constraints, existing utility structures, surface cover, pollution.
b. economic factors, including establishment, maintenance and removal costs
c. social factors including aesthetics, functions, negative characteristics, public safety, neighborhood and community values.
describe the qualities desired for a tree species that will be planted on a narrow space between the curb and sidewalk
Produce minimal litter, develops minimal basal flare, not prone to developing large surface roots, mature trunk diameter less than 2/3 of the planting strip.
What are the characteristics of good quality planting stock?
a. true to type
b. well developed a healthy root system
c. height to trunk caliper ratio adequate to support the crown without steaking.
d. adequatte well-developed taper
e. good vertical and radial branch distribution
f. good vigor as indicated by foliage and branch color and size
g. free of injury
h. free of disease and pests
What soil conditions should be assessed and modified before planting?
a. test soil and perform remedial action if needed
b. remove and replace soil if conditions cant be improved
c. break up soil compaction
d. break through impervious layers or install drainage to carry water away
e. if site contains less than 5% organic matter incorporate composted organic matter back into the soil
f. correct chemical problems to the extent possible
describe three methods to create larger rooting volumes for trees planted in paved areas
a. structure load-bearing soil beneath the pavement
b. suspend pavement over non compacted soil
c. soil filled structures below ground that support the pavement
describe infrastructure designs that could be used to provide more space for street trees
a. require larger planting spaces
b. curve sidewalk to create larger planting space for trees
c. create pop-outs into street parking areas at planting locations
d. use monolithic rather than planting
e. increase right of way width
f. eliminate sidewalk on one side of the street
g. design narrower streets that reserve more room for planting
General spacing requirements are how many feet apart?
10 feet (3 meters) 30 feet (10 meters)
what are green roofs? What are there benefits?
green roofs are plantings designed for the top of structures that increase the urban forest canopy. They provide additional growing space to help mitigate the urban heat island, reduce greenhouse gases through carbon sequestration, and improve air quality. They can reduce energy demand on space conditioning through evapotranspiration and by shading and insulating buildings. In addition, the soil provides a reservoir to delay and reduce the runoff and act as a filter for airborne pollutants carried through the rain.
Describe six criteria for selecting large trees for transplanting.
a. transplant survival rate
b. tree size
c. tree health, structure and appearance
d. site conditions such as slope, soil depth, and equipment access.
e. characteristics of the new site
f. cost of transplanting relative to removal replacement with a new tree.
