Chapter 4 Pathology

Question 1

kinesiology

Answer 1

science that studies movement, how it is produced, and muscles involved

Question 2

occupational therapy

Answer 2

assists persons to regain, develop, and improve skills important for independent functioning; specialist is occupational therapist

Question 3

physical medicine

Answer 3

branch of medicine focused on restoring function; primarily cares for patients with musculoskeletal and nervous system disorders; physician is physiatrist

Question 4

physical therapy

Answer 4

evaluation and treatment of disorders and rehabilitation of people using physical methods such as heat, cold massage, and exercise; specialist is a physical therapist

Question 5

adhesion

Answer 5

scar tissue forming in fascia surrounding muscle, making it difficult to stretch muscle

Question 6

atonia

Answer 6

lack of muscle tone

Question 7

atrophy

Answer 7

poor muscle development as a result of muscle disease, nervous system disease, or lack of use; commonly referred to as muscle wasting

Question 8

bradykinesia

Answer 8

having slow movements

Question 9

contracture

Answer 9

abnormal shortening of muscle fibers, tendons, or fascia, making it difficult to stretch muscle

Question 10

dyskinesia

Answer 10

having difficult or abnormal movement

Question 11

dystonia

Answer 11

having abnormal muscle tone

Question 12

hyperkinesia

Answer 12

having excessive amount of movement

Question 13

hypertonia

Answer 13

having excessive muscle tone

Question 14

hypertrophy

Answer 14

increase in muscle bulk as a result of use, as with lifting weights

Question 15

hypokinesia

Answer 15

having insufficient amount of movement

Question 16

hypotonia

Answer 16

having insufficient muscle tone

Question 17

intermittent claudication

Answer 17

attacks of severe pain and lameness caused by ischemia of muscles, typically calf muscles; brought on by walking even very short distances

Question 18

myalgia

Answer 18

muscle pain

Question 19

myasthenia

Answer 19

muscle weakness

Question 20

myotonia

Answer 20

muscle tone

Question 21

spasm

Answer 21

sudden, involuntary, strong muscle contraction

Question 22

tenodynia

Answer 22

tendon pain

Question 23

fibromyalgia

Answer 23

condition with widespread aching and pain in muscles and soft tissue

Question 24

lateral epicondylitis

Answer 24

inflammation of muscle attachment to lateral epicondyle of elbow; often caused by strongly gripping; commonly called tennis elbow