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Computer Science > Chapter 4- Operating Systems > Flashcards

Chapter 4- Operating Systems Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 6 steps in the boot process?

A
  1. Power up
  2. Start boot program
  3. Power on self test
  4. Identify peripheral devices
  5. Load operating system
  6. Check configuration and customization
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2
Q

Android OS

A

An open source OS for handheld devices

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3
Q

Backup

A

A duplicate copy of a file, disk, or tape. Also refers to a Windows utility that allows you to creat a backup

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4
Q

Backup Software

A

A set of utility programs that performs a variety of backup-related tasks.

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5
Q

Bare-Metal Restore

A

A process by which a backup is r5estored to a hard disk without first reinstalling the OS and device drivers.

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6
Q

BlackBerry OS

A

An OS software designed for the BlackBerry handheld devices.

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7
Q

Boot Disk

A

A CD, DVD, BD or USB Flash drive that contains the files needed for the boot process

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8
Q

Boot Process

A

The sequence of events that occurs withing a computer system between the time the user starts the computer and the time it is ready to process commands.

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9
Q

Bootstrap Program

A

A program stored in ROM that loads and initalizes the OS on a computer

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10
Q

Button

A

An on-screen graphical control that can be clicked to initiate a command.

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11
Q

Cluster

A

A group of sectors on a storafe medium that, when accessed as a group, speeds up data access.

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12
Q

Command-line Interface

A

A style of user interface that requires users to type commands, rather than use a mouse to manupulate on-screen controls.

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13
Q

Data Fork

A

An element of the Macintosh file system that comprises the part of the file that contains the text, audio or video data; contrast with resource fork.

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14
Q

Defragmentation Utility

A

A software tool used to rearrange the files on a disk so that they are stored in contiguous clusters.

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15
Q

Desktop

A

A term used to refer to the main screen of a GUI.

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16
Q

Desktop OS

A

An OS specifically designed for use on PCs

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17
Q

Dialog Box

A

An element of GUI that apperas in a window and requests information, such as command parameters. (Format in Excel)

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18
Q

Differential Backup

A

A copy of all files that changed since the last full backup of a disk.

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19
Q

Directory

A

In the context of computer file management, a list of files contained on a computer storage device.

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20
Q

Disc Mastery

A

The process of creating a CD or DVD by selecting all the files to be coped and then writing them in a single sesson. Contrast to packet writing.

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21
Q

Disk Image

A

A bit-by-bit copy of the contents of a disk created for backup, archiving or duplication of data.

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22
Q

Disk Partition

A

An area of a hard disk created by dividing a large hard disk into several smaller virtual ones, such as when using two operating systems on a single computer.

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23
Q

DOS

A

(Disk Operating System) The OS software shipped with the first IBM Pc;s, Then used on millions of computers until the introduction of Microsoft Windows.

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24
Q

Dual Boot

A

A computer that contains more than one OS and can boot either one.

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25
Q

File Format

A

The method of organization used to encode and store data in a computer. Text formats include DOCX and TXT. Graphics formats include BMP, TIFF, GIF and PNG.

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26
Q

File Header

A

Hidden information inserted at the beginning of a file to indetify its properties, such as the software that can open in.

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27
Q

File Management Utility

A

Software, such as Windows Explorer, that helps users locate, rename, move, copy and delete files.

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28
Q

File Shredder Software

A

Software designed to ovewrite sectors of a disk with a random series of 1’s and 0’s to ensure the deletion of data.

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29
Q

File Size

A

The physical size of a file on a storage medium, usally measured in kilobytes (KB).

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30
Q

File Specification

A

A combination of the drive letter, subdirectory, file name and extension that indentifies a file (Such as A:\word\filename.doc) also called a “path”.

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31
Q

File Synchronization

A

the process of keeping two sets of files updated so they are the same; used to synch files between a computer and a Smart Phone or backup device. Also called mirroring.

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32
Q

File System

A

A method that is used by an OS to keep files organized.

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33
Q

File Tag

A

In the context of Windows, a piece of information that describes a dile. Tags, such as Owner, Rating and Date Taken can be added by users.

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34
Q

File-Naming Conventions

A

A set of rules, established by the OS, that must be followed to create a valid file name.

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35
Q

Folder

A

The subdirectories, or sibdivisions of a directory, that can contain files or other folders.

36
Q

Formatting

A

The process of dividing a disk into sectors so that it can be used to store information.

37
Q

Fragmented Files

A

Files stored in scattered, non-contiguous clusters on a disk.

38
Q

Full Backup

A

A copy of all the files for a specified backup job.

39
Q

Full System Backup

A

A backup that contains all of the files on the hard disk, including the OS.

40
Q

Google Chrome OS

A

An operating system based on the Linux Kernel; designed for netbooks dedicated to using the Web and Web-based apps.

41
Q

Graphical User Interface

A

(GUI) A type of user interface that features on-screen objects, such as menus and icons, manipulated by a mouse.

42
Q

Icon

A

A graphical object, such as those that represent programs or folders on a computer desktop.

43
Q

Incremental Backup

A

A backup that contains files that changed since the last backup.

44
Q

iOS

A

The operating system for iPhones.

45
Q

Kernel

A

The core Module of an OS that typically manages memory, processes, tasks and storage devices.

46
Q

Library

A

In the context of Windows 7, a superfolder that contains pointers to various folders and files; Examples include Documents, Pictures and Videos.

47
Q

Linux

A

An OS that is a derivative of UNIX, available as freeware and widely used for servers through it is also used on PC’s and workstations.

48
Q

Linux Distribution

A

Usually a download that includes the Linux OS, a Linux Desktop and other Linux Utilities.

49
Q

Logical Storage Models

A

Any visual or Conceptual aid that helps a computer user visualiz a file storage system. Also called a storage metaphor.

50
Q

Mac OS

A

The OS software designed for use on Apple Macintosh Computers.

51
Q

Mastery File Table

A

(MFT) An index file used in NTFS storage systems to maintain a list of clusers and keep track of their contents.

52
Q

Memory Leak

A

An undesirable state in which an OS does not correctly allocate memory for programs causing parts of one program to ovewrite parts of another and malfunction.

53
Q

Menu

A

In the context of GUIs, a list of commands or options often displayed as a list at the top or bottom of the screen.

54
Q

Menu Bar

A

A standard component of most GUIs that is displayed as a strip of clickable options, that in turn display a list of commands.

55
Q

Microsoft Windows

A

An OS, Developed by Microsoft Corporation, that provides a GUI. Versions include Windows 7 and Windows 8.

56
Q

Multiprocessing

A

The ability of a computer or OS to support dual core processors or multiple processors.

57
Q

Multitasking

A

The ability of a computer, processor or OS to run more than one program, job or task at the same time.

58
Q

Multithreading

A

A technology that allows multiple parts or threads from a program to run simultaneously.

59
Q

Multiuser OS

A

An OS that allows a single computer to deal with simultaneous processing requests from multiple users.

60
Q

Native File Format

A

A file format that is unique to a program or group of programs and has a unique file extension. Example Microsoft Access’ extension is .accdb

61
Q

NTFS

A

(New Technology File System) A file system used by Microsoft Windows NT, 2000, Vista and Windows 7 OS to keep track of the name and location of files on the Hard Disk.

62
Q

Operating System

A

The software that controls the computer’s use of its hardware resources, such as memory and disk storage space. Also called OS.

63
Q

Packet Writing

A

The process of recording data to a CD or DVD in multiple sessions. Contrast to Disc Mastering.

64
Q

Palm webOS

A

A popular type of OS for handheld computers and smartphones.

65
Q

Physical Storage Model

A

A representation of data as it is physically stored. Contrast to Logical Storage Model.

66
Q

Recovery Disk

A

A CD that contains all the OS files and application software files necessary to restore a computer to its original state.

67
Q

Reserved Words

A

Special words used as commands in some OS that may not be used as file names.

68
Q

Resource

A

A component, either hardware or software, that is available for use by a computer’s processor.

69
Q

Resource Fork

A

A storage characteristic of Mac OS that creates a file containing a description of the data stored in an accompanying raw data file. Contrast to Data Fork.

70
Q

Restore Point

A

Data stored about the state of files and the OS at a given point in time, then used to roll back the computer to that state.

71
Q

Ribbon

A

An element of the GUI popularized by Microsoft Office 2007 that presents users with multible tabs instead of menus at the top of the application window.

72
Q

Root Directory

A

The main directory of a disk.

73
Q

Sectors

A

Subdivisions of the tracks on a storage medium that provide areas for data.

74
Q

Server OS

A

A type of OS, sometimes called a network OS that provides management tools for distributed networks, email servers and web hosting sites.

75
Q

Single-User OS

A

A type of OS that is designed for one user at a time.

76
Q

Subdirectory

A

A directory found under the root directory.

77
Q

Submenu

A

A user interface element that emerges after a menu is selected to offer additional options.

78
Q

Symbian

A

An OS typically used on mobile phones and open to programming by third-party developers.

79
Q

Taskbar

A

A GUI element usually displayed near the bottom of the screen to help users launch and monitor applications.

80
Q

Toolbar

A

A component of GUI that displays icons representing tools, commands, and other options.

81
Q

Tracks

A

A series of concentric or spiral storage areas created on a storage medium during the formatting process.

82
Q

UNIX

A

A multiuser, multitasking server OS developed by AT&T Bell Laboratories in 1969.

83
Q

User Interface

A

The software and hardware that enable people to interact with computers.

84
Q

Virtual Machine

A

Software that creates an operating environment that emulates another computer platform. Parallels Desktop creates a virtual PC on a Mac Computer.

85
Q

Window

A

An element of GUI that is rectangular in shape and displays the controls for a program or dialog box.

86
Q

Windows Explorer

A

A file management utility included with most Windows OS that helps users manage their files.

87
Q

Windows Phone 7

A

A mobile OS designed by Microsoft for their mobile phones.

Computer Science (2 decks)

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