Chapter 4 Need to Know (NTK) Flashcards
Which of the following inspired the Yellow Turban Rebellion of 184-204 C.E.?
Daoism
Which statement best describes the Confucian attitude toward the past?
The past was a golden age that modern people should strive to restore.
What is the practice of metta in the Buddhist tradition?
The practice of loving kindness
Which of the following statements best describes the teaching of the Theravada version of Buddhism?
It taught that the Buddha was an immensely wise teacher, but certainly not divine.
What name is given to the Greek philosophical view that the world is a physical reality governed by natural laws that humans can understand?
Rationalism
What ended the Roman Empire’s intermittent persecution of Christians in the early fourth century C.E.?
Emperor Constantine converted to Christianity and made the religion legal.
What subject did the earliest Greek classical thinkers who relied on questioning and reasoning focus on?
Physical world
What was Socrates’s preferred method of teaching?
Through constant questioning of the assumptions and logic of his students’ thinking
Which of the following is a theory that has been advanced to explain why Greek thought evolved toward explaining the physical world through natural laws that human rationality could understand?
The growing role of law in the political life of Athens suggested a similar regularity in the natural order.
How did Confucius propose to end the period of disorder in China and replace it with an orderly society?
Through the moral example of superiors
What role did the Islamic world play in the rediscovery of the classical Greek legacy in Western Europe during the twelfth and thirteenth centuries?
Western scholars gained access to Arabic translations of Greek writers.
Which classical Greek philosopher famously sketched out in The Republic a design for a good society ruled by a class of highly educated guardians led by a philosopher king?
Plato
What was classical Greece’s greatest intellectual contribution?
Confidence in human reason and the use of argument and logic to question received wisdom
Which of the following statements best reflects the Greek approach to understanding the universe?
The world was a physical reality governed by natural laws, and human rationality could understand these laws.
The Greek way of thinking is most similar to which other tradition?
Confucianism
Which of the following did the least to spread the Greek approach to rational thought beyond the Greek heartland?
The spread of Greek religion
What distinguished the first five centuries of Christianity from that of the Buddhist tradition?
The Buddhist tradition generally lacked clear-cut distinctions between right and wrong ideas, while Christianity viewed religious debates in terms of right and wrong.
Which Persian prophet founded the Zoroastrian faith and is by tradition believed to have lived in the sixth or seventh century B.C.E.?
Zarathustra
What second-wave philosophy was based on the belief that human society needs clear, strictly enforced rules, since most people are stupid and shortsighted?
Legalism
Which of the following terms is an Indian religious term that refers to rebirth or reincarnation?
Samsara
Which second-wave philosophy stressed complementarity and balance between the sexes?
Daoism
Which of the following statements is true of the Christian world around 500 C.E.?
It was theologically diverse and fragmented.
Which of the following distinguishes Jesus’ teachings from that of the Buddha?
Jesus had a more intense devotion to a single personal deity with whom he was on personal terms.
What distinguished the Buddha from Jesus?
The Buddha came from a privileged background.
