Chapter 4 Need to Know (NTK)

Question 1

Which of the following inspired the Yellow Turban Rebellion of 184-204 C.E.?

Answer 1

Daoism

Question 2

Which statement best describes the Confucian attitude toward the past?

Answer 2

The past was a golden age that modern people should strive to restore.

Question 3

What is the practice of metta in the Buddhist tradition?

Answer 3

The practice of loving kindness

Question 4

Which of the following statements best describes the teaching of the Theravada version of Buddhism?

Answer 4

It taught that the Buddha was an immensely wise teacher, but certainly not divine.

Question 5

What name is given to the Greek philosophical view that the world is a physical reality governed by natural laws that humans can understand?

Answer 5

Rationalism

Question 6

What ended the Roman Empire’s intermittent persecution of Christians in the early fourth century C.E.?

Answer 6

Emperor Constantine converted to Christianity and made the religion legal.

Question 7

What subject did the earliest Greek classical thinkers who relied on questioning and reasoning focus on?

Answer 7

Physical world

Question 8

What was Socrates’s preferred method of teaching?

Answer 8

Through constant questioning of the assumptions and logic of his students’ thinking

Question 9

Which of the following is a theory that has been advanced to explain why Greek thought evolved toward explaining the physical world through natural laws that human rationality could understand?

Answer 9

The growing role of law in the political life of Athens suggested a similar regularity in the natural order.

Question 10

How did Confucius propose to end the period of disorder in China and replace it with an orderly society?

Answer 10

Through the moral example of superiors

Question 11

What role did the Islamic world play in the rediscovery of the classical Greek legacy in Western Europe during the twelfth and thirteenth centuries?

Answer 11

Western scholars gained access to Arabic translations of Greek writers.

Question 12

Which classical Greek philosopher famously sketched out in The Republic a design for a good society ruled by a class of highly educated guardians led by a philosopher king?

Answer 12

Plato

Question 13

What was classical Greece’s greatest intellectual contribution?

Answer 13

Confidence in human reason and the use of argument and logic to question received wisdom

Question 14

Which of the following statements best reflects the Greek approach to understanding the universe?

Answer 14

The world was a physical reality governed by natural laws, and human rationality could understand these laws.

Question 15

The Greek way of thinking is most similar to which other tradition?

Answer 15

Confucianism

Question 16

Which of the following did the least to spread the Greek approach to rational thought beyond the Greek heartland?

Answer 16

The spread of Greek religion

Question 17

What distinguished the first five centuries of Christianity from that of the Buddhist tradition?

Answer 17

The Buddhist tradition generally lacked clear-cut distinctions between right and wrong ideas, while Christianity viewed religious debates in terms of right and wrong.

Question 18

Which Persian prophet founded the Zoroastrian faith and is by tradition believed to have lived in the sixth or seventh century B.C.E.?

Answer 18

Zarathustra

Question 19

What second-wave philosophy was based on the belief that human society needs clear, strictly enforced rules, since most people are stupid and shortsighted?

Answer 19

Legalism

Question 20

Which of the following terms is an Indian religious term that refers to rebirth or reincarnation?

Answer 20

Samsara

Question 21

Which second-wave philosophy stressed complementarity and balance between the sexes?

Answer 21

Daoism

Question 22

Which of the following statements is true of the Christian world around 500 C.E.?

Answer 22

It was theologically diverse and fragmented.

Question 23

Which of the following distinguishes Jesus’ teachings from that of the Buddha?

Answer 23

Jesus had a more intense devotion to a single personal deity with whom he was on personal terms.

Question 24

What distinguished the Buddha from Jesus?

Answer 24

The Buddha came from a privileged background.

Question 25

Which of the following distinguished the life of the Buddha from that of Jesus?

Answer 25

The Buddha’s teaching ministry lasted far longer than Jesus’.

Question 26

Reincarnation is a central feature of which system of thought and belief?

Answer 26

Hinduism

Question 27

In which Hindu text is the troubled warrior-hero Arjuna reassured by his charioteer Lord Krishna, an incarnation of the god Vishnu, that performing his duty as a warrior even if it meant killing his kinsmen was an act of devotion that would lead to “release from the shackles of repeated rebirth”?

Answer 27

Bhagavad Gita.

Question 27

In which Hindu text is the troubled warrior-hero Arjuna reassured by his charioteer Lord Krishna, an incarnation of the god Vishnu, that performing his duty as a warrior even if it meant killing his kinsmen was an act of devotion that would lead to “release from the shackles of repeated rebirth”?

Answer 27

Bhagavad Gita

Question 27

In which Hindu text is the troubled warrior-hero Arjuna reassured by his charioteer Lord Krishna, an incarnation of the god Vishnu, that performing his duty as a warrior even if it meant killing his kinsmen was an act of devotion that would lead to “release from the shackles of repeated rebirth”?

Answer 27

Bhagavad Gita.

Question 28

Which of the following is true of Hinduism?

Answer 28

It grew up over many centuries and had no historical founder.

Question 29

Why is Siddhartha Gautama important to world history?

Answer 29

He was the founder of Buddhism.

Question 30

Hippocrates made his discoveries in which field of study?

Answer 30

Medicine

Question 31

What distinguished Zoroastrianism from Buddhism?

Answer 31

Buddhism spread from its original homeland to become a world religion.

Question 32

Which of the following figures lived most recently?

Answer 32

Jesus

Question 33

Which social group did legalists identify as performing essential functions for society?

Answer 33

Soliders

Question 34

Which Indian religious idea is similar in some ways to the Chinese notion of the dao?

Answer 34

Brahman

Question 35

Which of the following best describes the Buddhist world that emerged in the centuries following the Buddha’s death?

Answer 35

A considerable proliferation of different sects, practices, teachings, and meditation techniques continued to emerge over time.

Question 36

Which of the following statements is true of women in early Buddhism?

Answer 36

They were not treated as equals, but still found more freedom and independence than was available elsewhere in Indian society.

Question 37

What is ren in Confucian thought?

Answer 37

Benevolence, goodness, and nobility of heart

Question 38

Which of the following is a distinctive contribution of Aristotle to Greek thinking?

Answer 38

His approach to knowledge was not distinctive, but he represents the most complete expression of the Greek way of knowing.

Question 39

Which term refers to the way of nature, the underlying and unchanging principle that governs all natural phenomena?

Answer 39

Daoism

Question 40

Which of the following statements best describes the organization of Christian as opposed to Buddhist faiths?

Answer 40

Christianity formed a significantly more sophisticated religious hierarchy than Buddhism.

Question 41

Which of the following was a shared feature of both Buddhism and Christianity?

Answer 41

Both founders were transformed into gods by their followers.

Question 42

Which of the following is the central teaching of Buddhism?

Answer 42

The cause of human suffering is desire for individual fulfillment, which should be purged to achieve serenity.

Question 43

How might a Daoist thinker criticize a follower of Confucius?

Answer 43

Confucians were too concerned with education and the earnest striving for moral improvement.

Question 44

Which of the following statements is true of women in early Christianity?

Answer 44

As the religion developed, its leadership became almost exclusively male.