Chapter 4: Nature Nurture and Diversity

Question 1

Genome

Answer 1

-set of instructions making up an organism

Question 2

identical twins

Answer 2

• monozygotic twins
• when singe fertilized egg splits in two
• creates two genetically identical organisms

Question 3

Fraternal twins

Answer 3

• dizygotic twins
• from separate fertilized eggs
• no more genetically identical than siblings

Question 4

Temperament

Answer 4

someones emotional re activity and excitability

Question 5

heritability

Answer 5

the variation amongst people that we attribute to genetics

Question 6

molecular genetics

Answer 6

study of molecular structure and the function of genes

-subfeild of bio

Question 7

molecular behavior genetics

Answer 7

study of structure and function of genes and interaction with environment to influence behavior

Question 8

epigenetics

Answer 8

study of environmental influences on gene expression that can occur without any change in DNA

Question 9

epigenetic marks

Answer 9

can turn off/trigger/block genetic expressions

Question 10

evolutionary psychology

Answer 10

study of evolution of behavior and mind

-uses principle of natural selection

Question 11

natural selection

Answer 11

principle that traits that promote reproduction/survival with be passed on and the others will die out

Question 12

mutation

Answer 12

random error in gene replication that leads to change

Question 13

social script

Answer 13

-the “guide” that varrys culturally for how to act in certain situations

Question 14

interaciton

Answer 14

one factor depending on another

-environment depending on heredity

Question 15

culture

Answer 15

behaviors, ideas ,attitudes, values, traditions

• shared by a group of people
• passed down to next generations

Question 16

norm

Answer 16

understood “rule” for expected and accepted behavior

- “proper” behavior

Question 17

individualism

Answer 17

• giving priority to oneself and defining oneself on personal attributes
• more prevelent in western culture

Question 18

collectivism

Answer 18

• giving priority and defining oneself on a groups acheivments
• more common in asian culture

Question 19

sex

Answer 19

biolocigall characteristics of male and female

Question 20

gender

Answer 20

socially influenced characteristics of male and female

Question 21

relational aggression

Answer 21

aggression intended to harm a persons relationship or social standing
-women are more relationally aggressive

Question 22

X chromosome

Answer 22

sex chromosome in men and women

• females have 2
• men have 1

Question 23

Y Chromosome

Answer 23

sex chromosome only in males

Question 24

testosterone

Answer 24

important male sex hormone

Question 25

primary sex characteristics

Answer 25

body parts that make sex possible

-ex. dick and balls

Question 26

secondary sex chromosome

Answer 26

non-reproductive sexual traits

-ex. body hair, breasts

Question 27

spermarche

Answer 27

first ejaculation

Question 28

menarche

Answer 28

first menstrual period

Question 29

gender role

Answer 29

set of expected behaviors, attitudes, traits for males or females

Question 30

gender itentity

Answer 30

sense of being male female or combination

Question 31

social learning theory

Answer 31

theory that we learn social behaviors by observing and imitation others

Question 32

gender typing

Answer 32

taking on a traditional male or female role

Question 33

androgyny

Answer 33

displaying both traditional masculine and feminine traits