chapter 4 MINUS 6 Flashcards
- Which of the following is not an example of a common type of research strategy as discussed in your textbook?
a. Sample surveys
b. Randomized experiments
c. Case studies
d. All of the above are examples of common types of research strategies
D
- Which of the following is a research strategy that involves the researcher manipulating the participants’ environment in some way?
a. Sample survey
b. Randomized experiment
c. Observational study
d. None of the above
B
- When you read the results of a scientific study, which of the following should you do first?
a. Determine which type of research strategy was used (observational study, randomized experiment, etc.)
b. Look at the results and decide whether they make sense or not.
c. Jump to the part where they show the data, and see if was collected properly.
d. Decide if the results apply to your life.
A
Boat show narrative} This study is an example of which type of research strategy?
a. Sample survey
b. Experiment
c. Census
d. None of the above
A
- {Boat show narrative} The 100 people who were surveyed make up which group?
a. The population
b. The sample
c. The sampling frame
d. None of the above
B???
- What type of study takes place when the sample is equal to the population?
a. A large-scale survey
b. A census
c. A nonrandom sample
d. There is no such study. The sample can never be equal to the population.
B
- What does the word ‘unit’ mean, in statistical terms?
a. The unit of measurement that is used (for example feet, inches, etc.)
b. The people doing the sampling are called the sampling unit.
c. A single individual or object to be measured.
d. None of the above.
C
- What is the margin of error?
a. The amount of error allowable during the implementation of a survey.
b. The amount of bias you can expect in the survey results.
c. A measure of the accuracy of survey results.
d. None of the above
C
Narrative: Exit poll
Suppose a recent election exit pollster reports that “Forty-eight percent of the voters polled said they voted for Candidate A. The margin of error for this survey is plus or minus 2.5 percentage points.” Assume the exit poll was designed and conducted correctly.
- {Exit poll narrative} What can be concluded about Candidate A?
a. 48% of all voters will vote for Candidate A.
b. We are confident that between 45.5% and 50.5% of all voters will vote for Candidate A. This means he/she will win the election, because 50.5% is more than half of the votes.
c. We are confident that between 45.5% and 50.5% of the voters will vote for Candidate A. The election is ‘too close to call’ at this point. It could go either way.
d. None of the above
C
- {Exit poll narrative} About how many people were sampled?
a. 40
b. 1,600
c. 16,000
d. Not enough information to tell.
B
- Suppose a random sample of people from your city found that 20% of the respondents own a cell phone, and the margin of error was 3%. In other words, you are confident that between 17% and 23% of all the people in your city own cell phones, based on this study. Suppose also that 1,000,000 people live in your city. Does this mean then that 200,000 people most likely own cell phones, plus or minus 30,000; or in other words, that between 170,000 and 230,000 people most likely own cell phones? (This was found by taking the results in percentage form and multiplying by the population size.)
a. Yes. The math shows that.
b. No. The margin of error in the latter case should be larger because you are dealing with the total number of people, not the percentage of people.
c. No. The margin of error in the latter case should be smaller because you are dealing with the total number of people, not the percentage of people.
d. None of the above.
A
- What is a probability sampling plan?
a. A sampling method where everyone in the population must have a specified chance of making it into the sample.
b. A sampling method where every conceivable group of people of the required size has the same chance of being the selected sample.
c. A sampling method where each individual in the population has an equal probability of being selected to be in the sample.
d. None of the above
A
- You have 15 employees working for you: Bob, Sue, Jim, Alex, DJ, Ann, Leslie, Eric, Deb, Tom, Clint, Richard, Tami, Ellen, and Katie. Use the following set of random numbers (generated from the computer program called Minitab) to take a simple random sample of 3 employees to serve on the donut committee: 1453131401146111619116112912015. Which employees got chosen for the donut committee? (Keep the employees in the order given when you assign numbers to them and do not start numbering with 0, start with 1.)
a. Ellen, Tami, Bob
b. Ellen, Tami, Ellen
c. Bob, Alex, DJ
d. None of the above
A
- Assume you have a sampling frame of your entire population of interest, which is comprised of 100 people’s names. Which of the following sources could not be used to select a truly simple random sample of 10 people from this population?
a. Assign each person a number from 001 to 100 and choose 10 numbers using a random number table.
b. Put each of the 100 names on equal sized pieces of paper, put the names in a hat, mix thoroughly, and draw out 10 names.
c. Put the names in alphabetical order and take the first 10 names on the list.
d. Each of the above methods would yield a truly simple random sample.
C
- {Apartment complex narrative} Suppose you randomly sample 20 buildings, and then select every unit in those 20 buildings to be in your sample, for a total of 160 units. What sampling method did you use?
a. A systematic sample.
b. A stratified sample.
c. A cluster sample.
d. A simple random sample
C
