Chapter 4: Microprocessors Flashcards

1
Q

multicore processing

A

CPU cores can divide work independently of the OS, unlike Hyper-Threading, in which applications need to be written specifically to take advantage of it

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2
Q

ARM

A

a type of chip made by ARM Holdings - a reduced instruction set (RISC) chip mostly used for mobile devices

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3
Q

arithmetic logic unit (ALU)

A

handles integer math in a CPU

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4
Q

LGA 2011

A

High-end Intel socket, replaces LGA 1366. Supports Sandy Bridge, Ivy Bridge, Haswell, Broadwell

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5
Q

code name

A

names used by CPU companies to refer to specific CPUs

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6
Q

microprocessor

A

another name for CPU

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7
Q

central processing unit (CPU)

A

performs calculations, is the “brains” of your computer

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8
Q

Hyper-Threading

A

(Intel only) parallel execution technique that actually makes one processor core appear to be two to the OS

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9
Q

LGA 1155

A

Mainstream Intel socket, replaces Intel socket LGA 1156 (Supports Sandy Bridge and Ivy Bridge processors)

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10
Q

AM2

A

AMD socket, supports Athlon 64-Phenom

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11
Q

thermal paste

A

enables heat transfer from the CPU to the cooling device

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12
Q

throttling

A

reducing the speed of the CPU to save energy/reduce heat

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13
Q

cache

A

small amounts of high-speed memory built onto the CPU package itself - used to hold data the CPU might need

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14
Q

dynamic RAM (DRAM)

A

memory that must have an electrical charge to maintain data - used for main system memory

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15
Q

FM2

A

AMD socket for APUs

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16
Q

bit

A

one ‘cell’ on a spreadsheet representing data. 1/8th of a byte.

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17
Q

wait state

A

clock cycles in which the CPU is idle - happens because CPUs run much faster than RAM.

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18
Q

address bus

A

connection between the CPU and the memory controller chip - can be 32 or 64 bits

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19
Q

dual-core

A

two CPUs on a single chip

20
Q

integrated memory controller (IMC)

A

replaces the front- and backside bus - moves those chip functions from the motherboard into the CPU chip itself.

21
Q

FM1

A

Supports early APUs.

22
Q

LGA 775

A

First LGA socket

23
Q

clock cycle

A

represents a single charge on the clock wire (on-off)

24
Q

zero insertion force (ZIF) socket

A

CPU sockets that don’t require any force to insert the chip

25
Q

heat sink

A

a metal device with fins that helps to radiate heat away from a processor

26
Q

memory

A

any device that holds data that can be accessed by the CPU

27
Q

LGA 1366

A

High-end Intel socket, supports Core i7, etc.

28
Q

external data bus (EDB)

A

connects the CPU to the memory controller

29
Q

AM4

A

AMD socket. Achieves unity between high-end (previously AM3+) and lower-end APUs.

30
Q

overclocking

A

running a CPU at a higher clock speed than the manufacturer intended.

31
Q

NX bit

A

enables the CPU to protect certain sections of memory from malware

32
Q

LGA 1156

A

Mainstream Intel socket supports Core i3, i5, etc.

33
Q

64-bit processing

A

CPUs that use a 64-bit address bus can access more than 4 GB of RAM (the limit on 32-bit systems)

34
Q

liquid cooling

A

uses a liquid (usually water) and a radiator to move heat away from the CPU

35
Q

AM3

A

AMD socket. AM3 processors can run on AM2 and AM2+ motherboards with BIOS updates.

36
Q

memory controller chip (MCC)

A

can access any byte of RAM and place it on the external data bus

37
Q

FM2+

A

AMD socket for APUs. Replaced by AM4

38
Q

floating point unit (FPU)

A

handles math involving decimal amounts

39
Q

backside bus

A

connected the CPU to the L2 cache

40
Q

byte

A

8 bits. Data is transferred to and from RAM in byte-sized chunks.

41
Q

frontside bus

A

(in older systems) connected the CPU, MCC, and RAM - “faster” connections

42
Q

graphics processing unit (GPU)

A

a processor specifically for graphics

43
Q

registers

A

quickly accessible location to a CPU (worktable)

44
Q

machine language

A

the set of commands a CPU uses to operate

45
Q

AM3+

A

AMD socket. Supports Phenom II - FX