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CJ Atlas of Prosthetics > Chapter 4- Material > Flashcards

Chapter 4- Material Flashcards

1
Q

What are the requirements of the components for this profession?

A 
Biocompatibility
Strength
Durability
Light weight
Ease of fabrication
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2
Q

What are the most common materials used in prosthetics?

A 
Plastics
Wood
Leather
Metal
Cloth
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3
Q

When is wood used in prosthetics?

A

Interior structural shape

Provide shape

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4
Q

What are the properties of wood?

A 
Lightweight
Strong
Inexpensive
Easy to work
Consistent texture
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5
Q

What type of wood are usually used for prosthetic knees and shins?

A

Basswood (linden)
Willow
Poplar wood

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6
Q

How thick is the wood reduced to to reduce weight?

A

6mm

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7
Q

Which woods are often used for keels in prosthetic feet?

A

Maple

Hickory

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8
Q

What is leather commonly used for?

A

Suspension straps
Waist belts
Socket linings

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9
Q

Which type of leather is often used for the suspension straps and waist belts?

A

“Horsehide”- actually made from cow hide

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10
Q

What types of leather are used for dorsiflexion stops and thigh corsets?

A

Elk
Calf
Kip
Rawhide

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11
Q

What is cloth often used for?

A

Prosthetic socks
Waist belts
Straps
Harnesses

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12
Q

What material are prosthetic socks commonly made of?

A 
Wool
Cotton
Blended with:
Nylon
Orlon
Acrylics
Other man made materials
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13
Q

What material is the most common for prosthetic socks?

A

Wool

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14
Q

What are the characteristics of wool?

A 
Elasticity
Cusioning
Absorbs moisture
Resistance to acids
Resistence to shrinkage
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15
Q

What is cotton more commonly used for?

A

Stockinette

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16
Q

What is the disadvantage of cotton?

A

Not as good as wool in all desired characteristics

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17
Q

What is the advantage of cotton?

A

Easier to care for

Less expensive

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18
Q

What is nylon used for?

A 
Prosthetic sheaths
Plastic laminations
Bushings
Suction valves
Nylon stockings
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19
Q

What are the main advantages of nylon?

A

Strength
elasticity
Low coefficient of friction

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20
Q

Nylon prosthetic sheaths are usually used for who?

A

Transtibial amputees

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21
Q

What type of material is nylon?

A

A thermoplastic material

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22
Q

What are acrylics?

A

Thermoplastics

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23
Q

What are acrylics better than, and in what way?

A

Greater durability and strength than polyester resins

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24
Q

What are the properties of acrylics?

A

Soft
Durable
Machine Washable

25
Q

What are the properties of acrylic resin?

A

High strength
Thinner
Light-weight
Easier adjustment with heat

26
Q

What is a disadvantage of acrylic resin?

A

More difficult to use during fabrication

27
Q

What is polyester resin?

A

Thermosetting plastic that is commonly used for laminations

28
Q

What can thermosetting plastics not do?

A

Heated and reformed after molding without destroying their physical properties

29
Q

What catalyst is added to polyester resin?

A

Benzoyl Peroxide catalyst

30
Q

What is polypropylene usually used for?

A

Hip joints
Pelvic bands
Knee joints
Lightweight Prostheses

31
Q

What are the properties of polypropylene?

A 
Opaque white
Inexpensive
Strong
Durable
Easy to mold
32
Q

How can polypropylene be welded?

A

Hot air or

Nitrogen

33
Q

What is polyethylene?

A

Opaque white thermoplastic that looks like polypropylene but feels waxier

34
Q

What do the properties of polyethylene depend on?

A

Density of the material

35
Q

What are the properties of low-density polyethylene (LDPE)?

A

Very flexible

Easy to heat and mold

36
Q

What is LDPE used for?

A

Triceps cuffs
Transradial prostheses
Tongues in plastic thigh corsets
Hip disarticulation socket

37
Q

High-density polyethylene is more difficult to what?

38
Q

What is high-density polyethylene used for?

A

Bushings in joint mechanisms

39
Q

What is the advantage of Ultrahigh-molecular weight polyethylene (UHMW)?

A

Tear resistance

40
Q

What type of devices is UHMW used for?

A

Partial hand

Partial foot prostheses

41
Q

What is polyurethane foam used for?

A

Cosmetic covers

Rigid structural sections

42
Q

What is another name for polyurethane?

43
Q

What are the three broad groups of Urethanes?

A

Flexible foam
Rigid foam
Elastomers

44
Q

What are flexible urethane foams used for?

A

Covers for endoskeletal prostheses

Prosthetic feet

45
Q

What are rigid polyurethane foams used for?

A

Knee units
Ankle blocks
Shape to exoskeletal prostheses

46
Q

What are silicones used for?

A

Distal end pads in sockets
Air-cushion sockets
Silicone gel inserts

47
Q

How can silicone be classified?

A

Fluid
Eastomer
Resin

48
Q

How is silicone synthesized?

A

From sand and chemical reactions

49
Q

Which type of silicone is usually used with prosthetics?

A

Room-Temperature-Vulcanizing Silicones (RTV)

50
Q

What are the properties of RTV silicones?

A 
Wide temperature range
Repel water
Chemically inert
Resists weathering
High degree of slip 
Lubricity
51
Q

What is liquid silicone used for?

A

Lubrication
Liquid inside hydraulic knees
Parting agent

52
Q

What types of fiber are used in prosthetics?

A

Glass

Carbon

53
Q

What is fiberglass usually used for?

A

Reinforce polyester resin laminations
Stiffen thin areas
Prevent breakage

54
Q

What is fiberglass difficult to do?

A

Finish smoothly

55
Q

What is the advantage of carbon fiber?

A

Superior strength and stiffness

56
Q

What is carbon fiber replacing?

A

Some metal in componentry

57
Q

How much strength can carbon fiber provide?

A

Twice the strength of steel at 1/5th the weight

58
Q

Which materials does carbon have a superior fatigue resistance of?

A

Aluminum
Steel
Fiberglass

CJ Atlas of Prosthetics (7 decks)

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