Chapter 4 Key Terms Flashcards
amino group
A functional group that consists of a nitrogen atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms; can act as a base in solution, accepting a hydrogen ion and acquiring a charge of +1.
carbonyl group
A functional group present in aldehydes and ketones and consisting of a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom.
carboxyl group
A functional group present in organic acids and consisting of a single carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom and also bonded to a hydroxyl group.
cis
Arrangement of two noncarbon atoms, each bound to one of the carbons in a carbon-carbon double bond, where the two noncarbon atoms are on the same side relative to the double bond.
enantiomer
One of two molecules that are mirror images of each other.
functional group
A specific configuration of atoms commonly attached to the carbon skeletons of organic molecules and usually involved in chemical reactions.
geometric isomer
One of several organic compounds that have the same molecular formula but differ in the spatial arrangements of their atoms.
hydrocarbon
An organic molecule consisting only of carbon and hydrogen.
hydroxyl group
A functional group consisting of a hydrogen atom joined to an oxygen atom by a polar covalent bond. Molecules possessing this group are soluble in water and are called alcohols.
isomer
One of several organic compounds with the same molecular formula but different structures and therefore different properties. The three types of isomers are structural isomers, geometric isomers, and enantiomers.
organic chemistry
The study of carbon compounds (organic compounds).
phosphate group
A functional group important in energy transfer.
structural isomer
One of several organic compounds that have the same molecular formula but differ in the covalent arrangements of their atoms.
sulfhydryl group
A functional group consisting of a sulfur atom bonded to a hydrogen atom (–SH).
trans
Arrangement of two noncarbon atoms, each bound to one of the carbons in a carbon-carbon double bond, where the two noncarbon atoms are on opposite sides relative to the double bond.
