Chapter 4: Intro to Individual-Focused Health Behavior Theories Flashcards
the health belief model (HBM)
model assumes that people will engage in a health behavior or take a recommended action when they believe that doing so can reduce a THREAT that is both likely and would have severe consequences
the HBM is a parsimonious model, requiring as few as six questions to assess its key constructs. the model is a proven way too identify correlates of health behavior that ay be important in behavior change and is useful for informing intervention design and evaluation
expectancy and value
apply to the health threat (perceived likelihood and severity of harm) and the health behavior (perceived benefit of and barriers to taking action)
cues to action
a construct not based on expectancy or value, may be as diverse as medical symptoms, a doctor’s recommendation, mailed reminders from a health plan, or a media campaign
the construct of cues to action is perhaps unique among health behavior models, other than the common sense model in providing a specific place for the potent effect of health symptoms in motivating behavior
theory of planned behavior (TPB)
assumes that attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control all effect behavioral intentions, which in turn effect behavior. because many important attitudes ARE changeable, they are ideal targets for intervention
theory of reasoned action (TRA)
first aimed to explain health and non health behaviors, such as condom use, organ donation, and voting. later models (TPB)(IBM) retained this general focus
what do the TRA, TPB, and IBM all have in common?
they use a systematic method for identifying issues most important to decisions about performing specific behaviors
what do longitudinal correlational studies show about intention in behavior change?
they have found strong intention-behavior relationships , and more rigorous experiments indicate small to moderate effects that still have substantiative significance
intentions are often an important step along the pathway to behavior change. HOWEVER, intentions do not always translate fully to behavior change
integrated behavior model (IBM)
when confronting the goal of large-scale behavior changes needed to reduce risks for AIDS, Fishbein (2000) extended the TRA/TPB to create the integrated behavioral model (IBM)
the IBM refines the conceptualization of perceived behavioral control by dividing it into two component parts, leaving self-efficacy early in the model to predict intentions, and specifying environmental constraints and skills as moderators of the intention-behavior pathways
transtheoretical model (TTM)
posits that people are in different stages of readiness to make health behavior changes. the stages are qualitatively different with respect to the constructs and processes that move people closer to behavior
thus, people should receive interventions appropriate or their stage in the behavior change process
STAGE MATCHING is very important (but it has mixed empirical support)
what do all behavior change models agree on??
recognize that if the negatives, or barriers, associated with behavior change are greater than perceived benefits, the likelihood of change decreases drastically
what do the authors of this textbook encourage when choosing health behavior theories to use?
they encourage health behavior students, researchers, and practitioners to use theories, to be explicit about the constructs they use, and to be critical consumers of health behavior theories
what are some differences between the HBM and the TRA/TPB/IBM and TTM?
the HBM has well-defined constructs and thus is easier to use and apply
TRA/TPB/IBM have well-developed measurement tools for many different behaviors, but using them requires real commitment to data collection
the TTM facilitates the transition from concepts and constructs to intervention strategies
what is important to consider when choosing individual-level theories?
consider the array of higher-level influences that affect health behaviors including social determinants (biopsychosocial model). selective use of different interventions from multiple domains may create the strongest force for change
do researchers ever combine theories in the same study?
ABSOLUTELY. this approach can be fruitful when done systematically and thoughtfully
implementation intention
inventions encourage people to specify exactly when and under what conditions they will engage in a particular behavior (using if-then statements to identify what one will do if a particular situation occurs)
implementation intentions are a potent point of intervention, stronger than having people from a more general intention to act
this concept may be especially important in improving the predictive utility of behavioral theories, because implementation intentions appear to be ones step closer to behavior
