Chapter 4: Intervention & Evaluation

Question 1

intervention may be defined as…

Answer 1

a strategy (or procedure) that is intended to influence the behavior of people for the purpose of improving their functioning with respect to some social or practical problem.

Question 2

Personal interventions are those that…

Answer 2

people carry out in the course of their daily
lives

ex. when they use their knowledge of
social psychology to improve their own circumstances
or those of people around them

Question 3

What are the two types of intervention?

Answer 3

Personal and Pragmatic.

Question 4

Pragmatic Interventions are commonly called…

Answer 4

Programs.

Question 5

What is a program?

Answer 5

“an organized collection of activities designed to reach certain objectives

Question 6

Trial interventions are those
that are…

What is another name these might be called by?

Answer 6

1. …implemented to determine whether the interventions, as designed, in fact have the intended positive consequences.
2. aka Program efficacy studies

Question 7

What are the 4 key tasks in Intervention design and delivery?

Answer 7

1. Identifying the Problem
2. Arriving at a Solution
3. Setting Goals & Designing the Intervention.
4. Implementing the Intervention

Question 8

What are two parts of identifying the problem?

Answer 8

1. Identifying STAKEHOLDERS: are people who have a vested interest in the possible development of a program in that they may be affected.
2. NEEDS ASSESSMENT: refer to the process of establishing whether or not there is a need or problem (these words are used interchangeably) to sufficiently warrant the development of a program.

Question 9

What is the difference between a formal and informal needs assessment?

Answer 9

Informal: Relies on stakeholders informing of issue.

Formal: relies on systematic research procedures for collecting data that are relevant to problem severity and prevalence

Question 10

What are two parts of causal factors?

Causal factors fall under what step of design and delivery?

Answer 10

1. precipitating factors
   (i.e., those that triggered the problem)
   and
   perpetuating factors (i.e., those that sustain the
   problem and keep it from being solved)
2. Arriving at a Solution

Question 11

Literature reviews are under what step of the design and delivery model?

Answer 11

Arriving at the solution, step 2

Question 12

Describe Inoculation Theory.

Who did McAllister, Perry, and Maccoby attempt to apply this to?

Answer 12

1. a weak attack will inoculate you against future attacks to your beliefs.
2. They helped school age children resist pressures to smoke by ‘inoculating’ with an early, weak attack of pressure.

Question 13

Intervention hypotheses are…

Answer 13

“if–then” statements that summarize the intervention and the expected outcomes.

Question 14

Define: program activities

Answer 14

refers to the specific components and procedures of the program.

Question 15

Goals refer to…

Answer 15

the ultimate or long-term outcomes that one hopes to accomplish through an intervention.

Question 16

Objectives refer to…

Answer 16

short-term outcomes (e.g., during or immediately after an intervention) and intermediate term changes (e.g., one or two months later)

Question 17

Intermediate changes refer to what time period?

Answer 17

2 months

Question 18

To combat
this tendency, stakeholders may use the acronym
“_____” to develop outcomes that have five criteria:

Answer 18

SMART

Specific
Measurable
Appropriate
Relevant
Timebound

Question 19

Define: program logic model

Answer 19

Blueprint of how the program activities lead to the attainment of the program objectives, and how the objectives contribute
to the eventual achievement of the program goal(s)

Question 20

What is especially emphasized in a program logic model?

Answer 20

cause and effect

Question 21

What is a program logic model based on?

Answer 21

A supported theoretical framework/rationale

Question 22

Some have begun to emphasize the ‘theory of change model’ instead of ‘program logic model’ to
underscore the need to…

Answer 22

make explicit an intervention’s underlying theory, including the steps involved along the path to desired change; the assumptions being made; and the preconditions that may enable (or inhibit) the desired change

Question 23

implementation refers to…

Answer 23

the actual process of enacting the intervention activities.

Question 24

As defined in the Encyclopedia of Evaluation, evaluation is…

Answer 24

an applied inquiry process for collecting and synthesizing evidence that culminates in conclusions about the state of affairs, value, merit, worth, significance, or quality of a program.

Question 25

Conclusions made in evaluations:
Define ‘Empirical Aspect’

Answer 25

That something is the case

Question 26

Conclusions made in evaluations:
Define ‘Normative Aspect’

Answer 26

judgement about the value of something

Question 27

What is the unofficial ‘fifth step’ of Intervention Design and Delivery?

Answer 27

Evaluation.

Question 28

Specifically, a major reason for evaluation research is to…

Answer 28

test the theoretical assumptions underlying the intervention.

Question 29

What are 4 reasons for evaluation?

Answer 29

1. Scientific knowledge
2. Ethical Integrity
3. Financial responsibility
4. Program Development

Question 30

Program development should insure what 3 aspects?

Answer 30

1. Basis on empirically tested theoretical frameworks
2. Conducted with Ethical safeguards
3. Have good benefits for the associated costs

Question 31

What was the failure of the
Cambridge–Somerville project?

Answer 31

at risk boys received more supports but ended up with same juvenile arrests and mortality rates as control group.

Question 32

Types of Evaluation

Answer 32

1. Process evaluation

Question 33

Process evaluation is also known as…?

Define.

Answer 33

1. formative evaluation
2. is undertaken to determine
   whether the program has reached its target
   audience

Question 34

outcome evaluation is also known as…?

Define

Answer 34

1. summative evaluation
2. assesses how well a program meets its objectives