Chapter 4: Infection Control Principles And Practices Flashcards
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
Abbreviated AIDS; a disease that breaks down the body’s immune system; AIDS is caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
Acquired Immunity
Immunity that the body develops after overcoming a disease, through inoculation (such as flu vaccinations) or through exposure to natural allergens (such as pollen, cat dander, and ragweed)
Allergy
Reaction due to extreme sensitivity to certain foods, chemicals, or other normally harmless substances
Antiseptics
Chemical germicide formulated for use on skin; registered and regulated by the Food and Drug Administration
Asymptomatic
Showing no symptoms or signs of infection
Bacilli
Short rod-shaped bacteria; they are the most common bacteria and produce diseases such as tetanus (lockjaw), typhoid fever, tuberculosis, and diphtheria
Bacteria
Single-celled microorganisms that have both plant and animal characteristics; some bacteria are harmful; some are harmless
Bacterial Spores
Bacteria capable of producing a protective coating that allows them to withstand very harsh environments and to shed the coating when conditions become more favorable to them
Bactericidal
Capable of destroying bacteria
Binary Fission
The division of bacterial cells into two new cells called daughter cells
Biofilms
Colonies of microorganisms that adhere to environmental surfaces, as well as the human body
Bloodborne Pathogens
Disease-causing microorganisms carries in the body by blood or body fluids, such as hepatitis and HIV
Cilia
Hairlike extensions that protrude from cells and help sweep away fluids and particles
Cleaning
A mechanical process (scrubbing) using soap and water or detergent and water to remove all visible dirt, debris, and many disease-causing germs; cleaning also removes invisible debris that interferes with disinfection; cleaning is what barbers are required to do before disinfecting
Cocci
Round-shaped bacteria that appear singly (alone) or in groups; the three types of cocci are staphylococci, streptococci, and diplococci
Communicable
Able to be communicated; transferable by contact from one person to another as in a communicable disease
Contagious Disease
Also known as communicable disease, disease that is spread from one person to another person; some of the more contagious diseases are the common cold, ringworm, conjunctivitis (pinkeye), viral infections, and natural nail or toe and foot infections
Contamination
The presence, or the reasonably anticipated presence, of blood or other potentially infectious materials on an item’s surface or visible debris or residues such as dust, hair, and skin
Diagnosis
Determination of the nature of a disease from its symptoms and/or diagnostic tests; federal regulations prohibit salon professionals from performing a diagnosis
Diplococci
Spherical bacteria that grows in pairs and causes diseases such as pneumonia
Direct transmission
Transmission of blood or body fluids through touching (including shaking hands), kissing, coughing, sneezing, and talking
Disease
An abnormal condition of all or part of the body, or its systems or organs, that makes the body incapable of carrying on normal function
Disinfectants
Chemical products approved by the EPA designed to destroy most bacteria (excluding spores), fungi, and viruses on surfaces
Disinfection
A chemical process that uses specific products to destroy harmful organisms (except bacterial spores) on environmental surfaces
Efficacy
The ability of a product to produce the intended effect; on a disinfectant label, it indicates specific pathogens destroyed or disabled when used properly
Exposure Incident
Contact with non intact (broken) skin, blood, body fluid, or other potentially infectious materials, which is the result of the performance of an employees duties
Flagella
Slender, hairlike extensions used by bacilli and spirilla for locomotion (moving about); May also be referred to as cilia
Fungi
Single-celled organisms that grow in irregular masses and include molds, mildews, and yeasts; they can produce contagious diseases such as ringworm
Fungicidal
Capable of destroying molds and fungi
Hepatitis
A bloodborne virus that causes disease and can damage the liver
Hospital Disinfectants
Disinfectants that are effective for cleaning blood and body fluids on nonporous surfaces
Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Abbreviated HIV; virus that causes HIV disease and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS)
Immunity
The ability of the body to destroy and resist infection; immunity against disease can be either natural or acquired and is a sign of good health
Inactive Stage
Also known as spore-forming stage; the ability of some bacteria to form a protective coating around themselves to protect them from harsh environments during the inactive stage
Indirect Transmission
Transmission of blood or body fluids through contact with an intermediate contaminated object such as a razor, extractor, nipper, or an environmental surface
Infection
The invasion of body tissues by disease-causing pathogens
Infection Control
The methods used to eliminate or reduce the transmission of infectious organisms
Infectious
Caused by or capable of being transmitted by infection
Infectious Disease
Disease caused by pathogenic (harmful) microorganisms that enter the body; an infectious disease may or may not be spread from one person to another person
Inflammation
A condition in which the body reacts to injury, irritation, or infection, characterized by redness, heat, pain, and swelling
Local Infection
An infection, such as a pimple or abscess, that is confined to a particular part of the body and appears as a lesion containing pus
Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus
Abbreviated MRSA; a type of infectious bacteria that is highly resistant to conventional treatments such as antibiotics
Microorganism
Any organism of microscopic or submicroscopic size
Mildew
A type of fungus that affects plants or grows on inanimate objects but does not cause human infections in the barbershop
Motility
Self-movement
Multi use
Also known as reusable; items that can be cleaned, disinfected, and used on more than one person, even if the item is accidentally exposed to blood or body fluid
Natural Immunity
Immunity that is partly inherited and partly developed through healthy living
Nonpathogenic
Harmless microorganisms that may perform useful functions and are safe to come in contact with since they do not cause disease or harm
Nonporous
An item that is made or constructed of a material that has no pores or opening and cannot absorb liquids
Occupational Disease
Illness resulting from conditions associated with employment, such as prolonged and repeated overexposure to certain products or ingredients
Parasites
Organisms that grow, feed, and shelter on or inside another organism (referred to as the host), while contributing nothing to the survival of that organism. Parasites must have a host to survive.
Parasitic Disease
Disease caused by parasites, such as lice and mites
Pathogenic
Harmful microorganisms that can cause disease or infection in humans when they invade the body
Pathogenic Disease
Disease produced by organisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites
Pediculosis Capitis
Infestation of the hair and scalp with head lice
Phenolic Disinfectants
Tuberculocidal disinfectants that are a form of formaldehyde, have a very high pH, and can damage the skin and eyes
Porous
Made or constructed of a material that has pores or openings; porous items are absorbent
Pus
A fluid created by infection
Quaternary Ammonium Compounds
Commonly known as quats are products made of quaternary ammonium cations and are designed for disinfection of nonporous surfaces; they are appropriate for use in noncritical (noninvasive) environments and are effective against most pathogens of concern in the barbershop environment
Safety Data Sheet
Abbreviated SDS; required by law for all products sold. SDSs include safety information about products compiled by the manufacturer, including hazardous ingredients, safe use and handling procedures, proper disposal guidelines, and precautions to reduce the risk of accidental harm or overexposure
Sanitation
Also known as sanitizing; a chemical process for reducing the number of disease-causing germs on cleaned surfaces to a safe level
Scabies
A contagious skin disease that is caused by the itch mite, which burrows under the skin
Sodium Hypochlorite
Common household bleach; an effective disinfectant for the barbershop
Spirilla
Spiral or corkscrew-shaped bacteria that cause diseases such as syphilis and Lyme
Standard Precautions
Are guidelines published by the CDC that require the employer and employee to assume that any human blood and body fluids are potentially infectious
Staphylococci
Pus-forming bacteria that grow in clusters like a bunch of grapes. They cause abscesses, pustules, and boils
Sterilization
The process that completely destroys all microbial life, including spores
Streptococci
Pus-forming bacteria arranged in curved lines resembling a string of beads. They cause infections such as strep throat and blood poisoning
Tinea Barbae
Also known as barber’s itch, a superficial fungal infection that commonly affects the skin; it is primarily limited to the bearded areas of the face and neck or around the scalp
Tinea Capitis
A fungal infection of the scalp characterized by red papules, or spots, at the opening of the hair follicles
Toxins
Various poisonous substances produced by some microorganisms (bacteria and viruses)
Tuberculocidal Disinfectants
Often referred to as phenolics, are proven to kill the bacterium that cause tuberculosis, in addition to other pathogens destroyed through the use of hospital disinfectants
Tuberculosis
A disease caused by bacteria the are transmitted through coughing or sneezing
Virucidal
Capable of destroying viruses
Virus
A parasitic submicroscopic particle that infects and resides in cells of biological organisms. A virus is capable of replication only through taking over the host cell’s reproductive function
