Chapter 4 - Human Development Flashcards
Habituation paradigm
babies get bored of seeing the same stimulus and look at new things longer
Longitudinal design
studies one group over a period of time
Cross-sectional design
compares different age groups
Cohort-sequential design
mix of longitudinal and cross-sectional
studies different age groups across a long time
Attachment
innate emotional connection over time
Attachment usually requires 3 things
Familiarity, comfort, responsiveness
Authoritative parenting style
Parent is: nurturing, loving, reasonable
Child is: high self-esteem, self-control, mature
4 patterns of attachment
secure
anxious/avoidant
anxious/ambivalent
disorganized
4 parenting styles
Authoritative
Authoritarian
Permissive
Uninvolved
Permissive parenting style
Parent is: warm, inattentive, loose commands
Child is: impulsive, disobedient, dependant on adults
Authoritarian parenting style
Parent is: cold, critical, rejecting, unreasonably
demanding
Child is: Low sel-esteem, anxious, angry/aggressive
Formal operational
Age: 12 onwards
Skills: Can think abstractly
Uninvolved parenting style
Parent: Emotionally detached, no time or energy for child
Child: anxious, anti-social, bad communicating skills
Secure attachment skill
positive view of self and others, overall secure
Anxious attachment style
insecure sense of self, positive view of others, dependant, fear of losing relationship
Avoidant attachment style
positive view of self, negative view of others, withdraw’s from conflict
Fearful (disorganized) attachment style
insecure of self and others, fluctuates in emotion
Sensorimotor
Age: Birth - 2 years
Skills achieved: object permanence
Lacks: representation
Concrete operational
Age: 7 - 11 years
Skills: complex and logical thinking
Lacks: thinking hypothetically
Preoperational stage
Age: 2 - 7 years
Skills: create ideas/representations
Lacks: complex thinking
Schemas
framework about how we understand the world that constantly changes as we experience new things
Kohlberg’s Stage Theory
contains 3 main levels of moral development with 2 subparts each: pre-conventional, conventional, post-conventional
Assimilation
fitting new experiences into current understandings
Pre-conventional
