Chapter 4: How Did Beliefs, Values, And Knowledge Shape The Worldview In Japan Between 1600 And 1900

Question 1

Describe the Meiji Period in 2 words and what year did it begin?

Answer 1

Rapidly modernization and adaptation, it began the year of 1868.

Question 2

Describe the geography of Japan.

Answer 2

Composed of long, narrow series of island along Eastern Pacific coast of Asia, 73% is mountains, little flat areas so farming is done in valleys-coastlines-hills/mountains. Situated on Volcanic Zone/Ring of Fire

Question 3

Describe the Edo period in 2 words and what year did it begin?

Answer 3

Isolation and peace in Japan, it began the year of 1603

Question 4

What are the 4 main islands of Japan?

Answer 4

Hokkaido, Hanshu, Shikoku, Kyushu

Question 5

How was the beginning of the Edo period like?

Answer 5

All under emperor rule but each region under rule of Daimyo,

Daimyo were at war with each other trying to increase holding/power.

Question 6

What’s the difference between the Emperor and Shogun?

Answer 6

Emperor was more symbolic while the Shoguns were the ones truly in charge since they were in charge of Military government.

Question 7

What 3 Shoguns get credit for unifying/isolating Japan.

Answer 7

Oda Nobunaha, Toyotomi Hideyoshi, and Tokugawa Ieyasu.

Question 8

Who is Oda Nobunga?

Answer 8

Gained control of 1-3rd of the provinces, reduced influence of Buddhist control of politics, built series of castles to defend his land, introduced new administrative practices to unify Japan.

Question 9

Who is Toyotom Hideyoshi?

Answer 9

• Called Monkey Face
• continued centralizing government power
• surveyed country and changed tax from money to quantities of rice
• created a society based on formal class structure
• created a standing army
• disarmed farmers creating law that you have to choose between farmer or warrior
• try to expand his territory by attacking Korea and China but failed
• supportive painters and new types of drama.

Question 10

Who is Tokugawa Ieyasu?

Answer 10

He officially United Japan, He establishes government based in EDO and finalize the unification of Japan.

Question 11

What did Japanese name percent?

Answer 11

Japanese names for scented the surnames or family names first.

Question 12

How did for foreign influence Japan to isolate itself from much of the world?

Answer 12

• At the beginning it traded a lot, soon ships from Europe and started to arrive in Japan
• Tokugawa didn’t want people exposed Europeans
• he became worried since he saw them colonize a lot
• therefore he only allow their ships at 1 port which was the island of Deshima Nagasaki bay
• tobacco became popular in Japan because of Europeans.

Question 13

How was the spread of Christianity an influence on Japan isolating itself?

Answer 13

Shogun Hideyoshi ordered all the missionaries to leave and then kill 26

• death of Ieyasu made Bakufu more worried about Christianity(especially concerned of Christian Daimyo)
• they worried that people would follow more spiritual leaders instead of shogun
• fearing loss of power shogun isolated Japan and introduce a series of edicts.

Question 14

What was the National Seclusion Policy?

Answer 14

• Bakufu passed series of edicts to control influence of foreigners and tighten control of Daimyo
• Policy was an effort for Bakufu to strengthen its authority and maintain a strong centralized government

Question 15

What did the National Seclusion Policy state?

Answer 15

• Japanese ships not allowed to travel to foreign countries
• no Japanese allowed to go abroad (if so you will be executed)
• if any Japanese returns from overseas after living there they must die
• no single trading city shall be permitted go purchase merchandise brought back from the outside
• Portuguese ships banned for Japanese ports.

Question 16

What were the 2 and a half religions in Japan?

Answer 16

Confucian, Buddhism, Shinto

Question 17

What is Confucian?

Answer 17

• Emphasizes the relationship between human beings not an idea of God
• believes the past is important
• stressed objective reasoning as the basis of learning.

Question 18

What was the influence of confusion believes and values?

Answer 18

• Tokugawa shoguns roads in caring manner in return people were loyal and carried out jobs in a good way
• importance of past and long-held traditions were recorded by many writers
• confusion ideas messed with Buddhism
• Shinto religion introduced with emphasized importance of ancestors
• schools were set up to follow a form of studying based on observation and questioning.

Question 19

How did the political system work during the Edo period?

Answer 19

• Provinces were governed by Daimyo
  – Daimyo had control over his land and those living in it
• two levels of government: Han[Local government in each domain] + Bakufu (higher level controlled by shogun)
• Daimyo where split into three levels; 1. most loyal, 2. nobles, 3. from Tokugawa family, 4. and those who not have much power

Question 20

What did the Bakufu do to the Daimyo?

Answer 20

– they made rules for the Daimyo to follow so they would stay in line.

Question 21

What were the laws that the Bukufu made the Daimyo follow?

Answer 21

• there will be no unnecessary contact between neighbouring Daimyo
• only 1 possible castle in a domain
• Daimyo must support public building projects
• Daimyo required to spend every 2nd year in Edo
• All commanders must register at Buddhist Temples
• marriages of Daimyo must be approved by the Bakufu
• travel and shipbuilding were restricted

Question 22

What did the the ranking of the Daimyo affect?

Answer 22

Where his location is and what is his size of residence

Question 23

What was the order of the social systems? (From most power to least)

Answer 23

1. Emperor (More symbolic role)
2. Shogun (the men in charge of government)
3. Samurai (men who were in Hereditary warriors some Damyo)
4. Farmers
5. Artisans
6. Merchants
7. Outcasts/Eta (worked with dead things)
8. Non-Humans (peoples who survived by acting/begging)

Question 24

Describe the Samurai role during beginning of isolation.

Answer 24

• held most prestigious position in society
• their code of behaviour was called bushido (way of warrior)
• Bushido said to be models of cultural, moral, intellectual development
• most lived in castle but when too many they were allowed in surrounding countryside
• they practiced belief,” it is better to be known for your accomplishments than for your rank”
• originally warriors but no longer needed with peace
• called upon to be administrative functions for domain
• Bakufu removed their names of leaders from court lists
• first to become literate

Question 25

Describe the farmers role in society.

Answer 25

• Responsible for production of rice
• not allowed to leave their lands and villages
• strict rules on how to dress
• 2 types of farmers:
  - main farmer (honbyakusho) own some land/stuff
  - ordinary farmer (hyahusho) owned nothing

Question 26

How did Communities Change during Isolation?

Answer 26

• Merchants and Artisans helped travellers
• with higher larger populations in more centres, economy changed
• cities could not be self sufficient
• castle towns grew rapidly fast

Question 27

What are Japan’s 3 Metropolises during Edo period?

Answer 27

• Edo (large city + government centre)
• Osaka (was a larger commercial centre)
• Kyoto (Ancient capital of Japan and imperial palace where emperor lived)

Question 28

What was the city Edo like during the Edo Period?

Answer 28

• Tokugawa chose this site so easy trade sea with Kyoto and Osaka
• City of water
• centre of shogun’s military government
• since big population new laws for control
  
  • merchants increase to develop big businesses
  • Bakufu learn to deal with providing services
  • since houses so close and made of wood, fire is really a threat
  • houses heated/cooked with coal/burning wood/or oil

Question 29

What was the city Kyoto like during the Edo period?

Answer 29

• Capital of Japan before Edo
• easy river access to the sea and land routes through mountains
• surrounded by mountains
• summers got
• known for refinement and production of luxury items
• merchant class became wealthy and less emphasis on class and status
• centre of publishing, woodblock printing, maps

Question 30

What was the city of Osaka like during the Edo period?

Answer 30

• around very protected harbour
• centre of economy
• famous for castle, Buddhist temple, bridges
• wonderful markets names,” Kitche of Japan’
• Areas of good farmland
• Daimyo transported their surplus rice to sell here
• eventually, the standard price of rice for all Japan was set here

Question 31

How did the popular culture of Japan change during isolation?

Answer 31

• more people desired luxury items and had time for entertainment
• Daimyo become patron of arts to get beautiful things
• Daimyo started to provide education for Samurai
• soon Samurai began to be known more for accomplishments
• Daimyo could, no longer have armies to show power so they built their castles
• interiors of castles were opulent

Question 32

What is the Kabuki Theatre?

Answer 32

• Very popular with people of all classes but mainly merchant class
• plays = mirror of Japanese life and focused on domestic drama
• first Kabuki performed by a women named Okini
• Bakufu banned females from stage so en play all roles

Question 33

What is the Banraku Theatre?

Answer 33

• puppet plays for adults
• non-humans performed
• first group of puppeteers named Banraku

Question 34

What is the Geishas?

Answer 34

• women in entertainment trained as Geishas
• trained in dancing, singing, witty conversations
• expected to show correct forms of etiquette
• appearance and behaviour reflected cultural values

Question 35

What are woodblock images?

Answer 35

• prints of original paintings
• carved into flat wood
• famous ones reflected scenes of nature and lives of commoners
• at first not known as actual paintings

Question 36

How did books work during the Edo period?

Answer 36

• first popular in Kyoto
• woodblocks used since easier for their characters
• blocks also made possible to illustrate with print
• printing private not controlled by Bakufu
• but some subjects not allowed such as :
  
  • no Christianity
  • no political nature
  • nothing that can be offensive
• Romantic novels were especially popular
• hand books too

Question 37

What did literature develop and who was really into literature?

Answer 37

• Haiku developed

- Samurai was very into this

Question 38

Who is Basho Matsu? What did he do?

Answer 38

• Created Hiku
• 5 syllables, 7 syllables, 5 syllables
• usually of nature
• Japanese gardens designed to reflect ideas of simplicity and serenity

Question 39

How did the lives of the Samurai change during Isolation?

Answer 39

• Before Edo they protecters
• Part of ruling class
• They and sons were educated
• Did not do Manuel work or engage in business
• Only they could carry swords
• Expected to live by Bushido code
• Once wars stopped they were educated so they could be administrators and warriors
• ways of Samurai:
  
  • masters of emotion
  • master of conflict with or without the sword
  • master of unarmed defence

Question 40

How did foreign influence change Japan despite policies of isolation?

Answer 40

• Chinese and Koreans limited option
• Japan made a fake island to trade with the Dutch
• Dutch helped Japan with medium
• Dutch allowed in island as long as no missionaries