Chapter 4: [Gram-Positive Bacteria] Streptococcus Flashcards

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1
Q

How would you describe the appearance of streptococci on a gram stain?

A

Streptococci (strep-ta-cock-eye) line up one after the other like a STRIP of candies.
(p. 27)

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2
Q

How would you describe the appearance of staphylococci on a gram stain?

A

Staphylococci (staff-i-low-cock-eye) appear as a cluster that can be visualized as a group of hospital STAFF posing for a group picture.
(p. 27)

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3
Q

What enzyme do staphylococci produce that streptococci do not?

A

Catalase (remember that Cat is a staff member who joined in for the group picture)
(p. 27)

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4
Q

What does catalase do?

A

It converts H2O2 (hydrogen peroxide), which is used by macrophages and neutrophils, into H2O and O2.
(p. 27)

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5
Q

The streptococci can be classified based on the antigenic characteristics of the _ ____________ (found on the ____ ____). These antigens are called __________ ________ and are given letter names from _ through _.

A
C carbohydrate
cell wall
Lancefield antigens
A through S
(p. 27)
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6
Q

The primary classification of streptococci is based on their specific _________ _______.

A

hemolytic ability

p. 27

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7
Q

Which group of streptococci completely lyse the RBCs, leaving a clear zone of hemolysis around the colony?

A

Beta-hemolytic

p. 27

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8
Q

Which group of streptococci partially lyse the RBCs, leaving a greenish discoloration of the culture medium surrounding the colony?

A

Alpha-hemolytic

p. 27

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9
Q

Which group of streptococci are unable to hemolyze the RBCs? Other name?

A

Gamma-hemolytic
(Because they are unable to hemolyze the RBCs, we shouldn’t really use the word ‘hemolytic’, therefore the term ‘non-hemolytic streptococci’ is often used to avoid confusion.)
(p. 27)

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10
Q

Streptococcus pneumoniae is also known as…

A

…the pneumococcus

p. 33

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11
Q

Streptococcus pneumoniae, or “the pneumococcus” is the most common cause of _________ and _________ __________ in adults, and the most common cause of ______ _____ in children.

A

pneumonia
bacterial meningitis

otitis media
(p. 33)

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