Chapter 4 - Glacial and Glacial-Fluviatile - Continental (Ice Caps)

Question 1

Ice-Scoured Plain

Answer 1

Erosional feature; an assemblage of erosional landforms on exposed bedrock resulting from the flow of an ice cap

Question 2

Roche Moutonnee

Answer 2

Erosional feature; an elongated bedrock knob which is oriented parallel to the direction of glacial flow and has a smooth rounded upstream end and usually a steep rough downstream end where the glacier plucked out the rock as it moved away

Question 3

Streamlined Topography

Answer 3

Erosional feature; a series of smooth rounded erosional rock mounds alternating with parallel valleys resulting from the smoothing off of a mountainous region by the ice cap

Question 4

Arcuate Terminal Moraine

Answer 4

Depositional feature; an arcuate moraine that has been deposited at the terminus of the glacier, marking the furthest progression of the glaciation

Question 5

Till Plain

Answer 5

Depositional feature; also called ground moraine, deposition by an ice cap of glacial till forming a relatively flat to undulating surface which covers an extensive area and buries the preglacial topography

Question 6

Drift

Answer 6

Depositional feature; refers to all rock and associated material that has been carried by and deposited by a glacier, glacial ice, or water running from a glacier

Question 7

Till

Answer 7

Depositional feature; an unsorted, unstratified glacial deposit composed of a heterogeneous mixture of clay (CL), silt (ML), sand (SW), gravel (GW) and boulders.

Question 8

Ground Moraine

Answer 8

Depositional feature; often used interchangeably with till plain. Can be composed of both the material contained within the glacier as well as that being moved along at its base

Question 9

End Moraine

Answer 9

Depositional feature; the end moraines found at the maximum extent of a continental glaciation are similar to those found in alpine glaciation though the tend to be much more extensive and often have less steep slopes, occasionally making it difficult to distinguish between the ground moraine and the end moraine materials

Question 10

Swell and Swale Topography

Answer 10

Depositional feature; Till deposits rich in clay may result in a gently undulating surface which often is also found in areas that have had multiple glaciations

Question 11

Drumlin

Answer 11

Depositional feature; An elongated ellipsoidal feature which can be composed of a wide variety of till materials ranging from clays to relatively large rock fragments; some even have a bedrock core. Usually clustered and relatively near the terminal or recessional moraines.

Question 12

Outwash Plain

Answer 12

Depositional feature; A broad plain composed of outwash: stratified debris that is carried by meltwater streams both in front of and beyond the terminal or end moraine. Typically comprised of coarser grained materials (SW, GW) closer to the terminus of the glacier grading to finer materials with increased distance.

Question 13

Esker

Answer 13

Depositional feature; Serpentine shaped deposits that develop as the load carried by the streams flowing beneath, within, and above the glacier, once it has become stagnant, is dropped

Question 14

Kettle

Answer 14

Depositional feature; A depression in the postglacial terrain formed by the melting of a large stagnant ice block which allows for the settlement of the overlying glacial drift

Question 15

Kame & Kame Terrace

Answer 15

Depositional feature; A small hummock or terrace of ice-contact drift that has resulted from the deposition of sediment either in crevasses at the surface of the glacier, on the irregular surface of stagnant glaciers, or often from streams flowing at the edge of the glacier along the contact of the ice with the valley wall