Chapter 4 Fundamental Nursing Flashcards

1
Q

Components of the
Nursing Process ***

⬤ Assessment- first step in nursing process***

A

⬤ Diagnosis (nursing diagnosis)
⬤ Planning
⬤ Implementation
⬤ Evaluation- last step of the nursing process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The nursing process.

A

Assess- LPN only collect data.
Diagnose- Identify problem through nursing diagnosis.
Plan- Set your goals to solve the problem.
Implement- Reach those goals through nursing action.
Evaluate- Determine outcome of goals and what if anything needs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Assessment

A

⬤ Collection of data about the health status of the patient
⬤ Data- facts and statistics collected for reference or analysis
⬤ A registered nurse must perform the initial admission
assessment for each patient
⬤ The LVN/LPN collects data through surveillance and monitoring
and performs focused nursing assessments
⬤ A focused nursing assessment is defined as “an appraisal of the
patient’s status and situation at hand that contributes to ongoing
data collection.” ***

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Subjective data ***

A

Information reported by patient and family in a
health history.
Usually documented in the patient’s own words
and include information such as previous
experiences and sensation or emotions that only
patient can describe.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Objective data-

A

can be seen or measured.
Information that nurse or another member of
health care team obtains through observation,
physical examination, or diagnostic testing.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Physical Examination

A

Inspection

Purposeful observation of the person as a whole
and then systematically from head to toe.
Observation and inspection is fundamental to physical
examination and begins at the first point of contact with
a patient***

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Palpation

A

Uses touch to assess various parts of the body
and helps confirm findings that are noted on
inspection.
The hands, especially the fingertips, are used to
assess skin texture, moisture, and temperature or
the presence of swelling, lumps, masses,
tenderness, or pain.
When examining the abdomen, palpation should
be light at first for surface characteristics and then
deeper for abdominal contents.***

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Physical Examination (cont.)= PERCUSSION

A

Tapping on the skin to assess the underlying
tissues.
⬤ Short, sharp strokes elicit sounds and subtle
vibrations that are characteristic of underlying
organs and certain conditions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

To percuss:

A

●Place one hand flat on the skin over the area to be
assessed.
● Use the tip of the middle finger of your other hand to
lightly tap the middle finger of the hand that rests on the
patient.
● Tap two times just behind the nail bed before moving to
the next area.

Copyright © 2016 by Saunders, an imprint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Auscultation

A

Listening to sounds produced by the body.
Auscultation is performed with a stethoscope.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the difference between the diaphragm
and the bell of a stethoscope?

A

The stethoscope diaphragm is useful for detecting high-pitched
sounds, while the bell is suitable for detecting low-frequency
sounds. The function of the diaphragm is to collect sound
waves through vibrations, while the function of the bell is to
collect sound waves through pressure changes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Nursing Diagnosis

A

⬤ Derived from data gathered during the assessment
⬤ Nursing diagnosis is different from medical diagnosis.
⬤ Medical diagnosis- Process of determining which
disease or condition explains a person’s symptoms
and signs. It is most often referred to as diagnosis
with the medical context being implicit.
⬤ Focuses on the patient’s physical, psychological, and
social responses to a health problem or potential
health problem
The RN formulates nursing diagnoses; the LVN/LPN
is expected to assist with identifying patient needs
and implementing plan of care

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

North American Nursing Diagnosis
Association International (NANDA-I)
Develops and revises nursing diagnoses

⬤ Written in a PES format

A

P = problem
E = etiology or cause of the problem
S = signs and symptoms of the problem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Planning

A

Develop a nursing care plan for the patient
based on nursing diagnoses
⬤ Nursing care plans a form of communication
with other health care professionals which:
Improve continuity of care
Help prevent complications
Provide for health teaching
Eases the discharge planning process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

⬤ Steps in planning nursing care

A

Determine priorities from the list of nursing
diagnoses
Set long-term and short-term goals to determine
outcomes of care
Develop objectives to reach the goals; stated in
terms of patient outcomes.
Write nursing orders to direct care to meet the goals

Priorities established according to the most
immediate needs of the patient

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Documentation should also include:

A

All treatments and care, including medications
Procedures performed at the bedside, on the unit, or inside
or outside the facility
Patient’s reaction to procedures
Observations of the patient
Subjective and objective signs and symptoms experienced
by the patient
Evidence of changes in the patient’s physical, psychosocial,
and spiritual needs and status
Any unusual incidents

Copyright © 2016 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 26

17
Q

⬤ Problem-oriented medical record (POMR)

A

Record-keeping that focuses on patient problems
rather than on medical diagnoses
Excellent means of communication among the
various disciplines that are providing care
The charting is done in a SOAPIER format

18
Q

SOAPIER format

A
  • S—Subjective; O—Objective; A—Assessment;
    P—Plan I—Intervention; E—Evaluation; R—Revision
19
Q

Which of the following is the first step in the
nursing process?

A

C. Assessment.

20
Q

Which of the following is NOT true about the nursing
process?

A

D. Objective data consist of information that is reported by the patient
and family members in a health history in response to direct
questioning or in spontaneous statements.

21
Q

Characteristics of a Critical Thinker

A

Curiosity

The desire to understand how and why; to apply
knowledge

⬤ Systematic thinking

Uses an organized approach to problem-solving,
rather than knee-jerk responses

⬤ Analytic

Applies knowledge from various disciplines
Approaches a problem by examining the parts and
seeing how they fit together

⬤ Open-minded

Willing to consider various alternatives

⬤ Self-confident

Sense of assurance that the problem-solving process
produces a good conclusion/plan

⬤ Maturity

Recognition that many variables are at work in patient
situations, and sometimes the best plans do not work

⬤ Truth-seeking

Eager to know, asking questions, seeking answers,
reevaluates “common knowledge”

22
Q

Critical Thinking Tools

A

Interpretation

Clarifying meaning of events, data

⬤ Analysis

Examining ideas, breaking down into components

⬤ Evaluation

Assessing possibilities, opinions, usual practices

23
Q

⬤ Inference

A

Deriving alternatives, drawing conclusions

⬤ Explanation

Presenting arguments for views, decisions;
justifying
⬤ Self-regulation

Reconsidering conclusions,

24
Q

Priorities in Nursing Care

A

Used based on Maslow’s hierarchy of needs
⬤ Physiologic needs are the priority
⬤ Followed by safety and security, self-esteem
needs, etc.

25
Q

Nursing Process

A

Access- gathers information about Pt. condition.

Diagnoses- Identify Pt. problem.

Plan- Set goals care and outcomes identify proper nursing action.

Implement- Perform the nursing action identified by planning.

Evaluate- Determine if the goals expected outcomes are achieved.

26
Q
A
27
Q
A