Chapter 4- Foreign relations

Question 1

what marked Britains retreat from empire in 1947

Answer 1

withdraw from India and pakistan

Question 2

what did former US secretary of state Dean Acheson say about Britain in 1962

Answer 2

‘Britain has lost an empire and has not yet found a role’

Question 3

what was the Schuman plan of 1950

Answer 3

proposed a coal and steel community between France and Germany- this was the foundation for the EEC

Question 4

why did Britain not join the EEC when it first formed

Answer 4

many sceptical of the free-market principles behind common market

saw the preservation of trade with commonwealth as more important

Britain still saw itself as a great power

hard to balance with special relationship with USA

Question 5

what did Britain take the lead in establishing in 1959

Answer 5

the European free trade association (EFTA)

Question 6

why did macmillan attempt to join EEC in 1961

Answer 6

boost industrial production for large-scale export market

increase industrial efficiency with greater competition

stimulate economic growth as expansion seen in EEC members

Question 7

why did Britain struggle in negotiations to join EEC

Answer 7

wanted to maintain relationships with commonwealth and USA

Question 8

what are examples of British trade that would have been blocked by EEC

Answer 8

lamb exports from new Zealand

Question 9

who veto’d Britains attempt to join the EEC in 1963

Answer 9

Charles De Gaulle

Question 10

what was Macmillan involved in planning in 1960

Answer 10

plans for a summit conference with Khrushchev

Question 11

what did John F Kennedy inform macmillan of in 1963

Answer 11

events of cuban missile crisis

Question 12

why did the USA become less inclined to tell the British intelligence secrets after 1951

Answer 12

Guy Burgess and Donald Macclean were highly placed officers in British intelligence who defected to the Soviet Union in 1951- this showed British spies were breaking information to USSR

Question 13

when were Britains first tests of atomic bomb

Answer 13

1952

Question 14

when were Britains first tests of the H-bomb

Answer 14

1957

Question 15

how many people took part at the demonstrations outside Aldermaston weapons research base in 1958

Answer 15

8000

Question 16

what was abandoned in 1960

Answer 16

Britains indépendant rocket project-blue streak

Question 17

what was blue streak replaced by in 1960

Answer 17

US Polaris missiles

Question 18

how many troops did Britain send to the Korean War

Answer 18

90,000
second most after USA

Question 19

what percentage of western Europes oil cane through the Suez Canal

Answer 19

80%

Question 20

what did colonel Nasser nationalise the Suez Canal company in response to

Answer 20

Britain and USA pulling funding for Aswan dam

Question 21

what impacted Eden’s decisions over the Suez crisis

Answer 21

the belief that Britain was still a major world power

Question 22

what did Eden describe Nasser as

Answer 22

‘an evil dictator who should not be allowed to get away with unprovoked agression’

Question 23

who agreed with eden over Suez crisis

Answer 23

majority of his cabinet- including macmillan

Question 24

what did France Britain and Israel devise at Sevres

Answer 24

Israel would invade Egypt and Britain and France would intervene. this was concealed from parliament and the USA

Question 25

when was the invasion of the Suez Canal

Answer 25

29th October 1956

Question 26

what was the USA’s response to Suez crisis

Answer 26

made Britain pay for oil using dollars- depleted dollar reserves

Question 27

where did britain fight independence movements in 1950’s

Answer 27

malaya, Kenya and cyprus

Question 28

which countries gained independence from Britain from 1951-64

Answer 28

ghana 1957

nigeria 1960

cyprus 1960

tanganyika 1961

Sierra Leone 1961

uganda 1962

kenya 1963

Question 29

what was the ‘winds of change’ speech

Answer 29

Macmillan speech in Cape Town which called for the ‘winds of change’ being called for in Africa to be granted and Britain top move away from empire

Question 30

how ddi German production increase under EEC up until 1960

Answer 30

up 90%