Chapter 4- Foreign relations Flashcards
what marked Britains retreat from empire in 1947
withdraw from India and pakistan
what did former US secretary of state Dean Acheson say about Britain in 1962
‘Britain has lost an empire and has not yet found a role’
what was the Schuman plan of 1950
proposed a coal and steel community between France and Germany- this was the foundation for the EEC
why did Britain not join the EEC when it first formed
many sceptical of the free-market principles behind common market
saw the preservation of trade with commonwealth as more important
Britain still saw itself as a great power
hard to balance with special relationship with USA
what did Britain take the lead in establishing in 1959
the European free trade association (EFTA)
why did macmillan attempt to join EEC in 1961
boost industrial production for large-scale export market
increase industrial efficiency with greater competition
stimulate economic growth as expansion seen in EEC members
why did Britain struggle in negotiations to join EEC
wanted to maintain relationships with commonwealth and USA
what are examples of British trade that would have been blocked by EEC
lamb exports from new Zealand
who veto’d Britains attempt to join the EEC in 1963
Charles De Gaulle
what was Macmillan involved in planning in 1960
plans for a summit conference with Khrushchev
what did John F Kennedy inform macmillan of in 1963
events of cuban missile crisis
why did the USA become less inclined to tell the British intelligence secrets after 1951
Guy Burgess and Donald Macclean were highly placed officers in British intelligence who defected to the Soviet Union in 1951- this showed British spies were breaking information to USSR
when were Britains first tests of atomic bomb
1952
when were Britains first tests of the H-bomb
1957
how many people took part at the demonstrations outside Aldermaston weapons research base in 1958
8000
what was abandoned in 1960
Britains indépendant rocket project-blue streak
what was blue streak replaced by in 1960
US Polaris missiles
how many troops did Britain send to the Korean War
90,000
second most after USA
what percentage of western Europes oil cane through the Suez Canal
80%
what did colonel Nasser nationalise the Suez Canal company in response to
Britain and USA pulling funding for Aswan dam
what impacted Eden’s decisions over the Suez crisis
the belief that Britain was still a major world power
what did Eden describe Nasser as
‘an evil dictator who should not be allowed to get away with unprovoked agression’
who agreed with eden over Suez crisis
majority of his cabinet- including macmillan
what did France Britain and Israel devise at Sevres
Israel would invade Egypt and Britain and France would intervene. this was concealed from parliament and the USA
when was the invasion of the Suez Canal
29th October 1956
what was the USA’s response to Suez crisis
made Britain pay for oil using dollars- depleted dollar reserves
where did britain fight independence movements in 1950’s
malaya, Kenya and cyprus
which countries gained independence from Britain from 1951-64
ghana 1957
nigeria 1960
cyprus 1960
tanganyika 1961
Sierra Leone 1961
uganda 1962
kenya 1963
what was the ‘winds of change’ speech
Macmillan speech in Cape Town which called for the ‘winds of change’ being called for in Africa to be granted and Britain top move away from empire
how ddi German production increase under EEC up until 1960
up 90%
