Chapter 4 Exam

Question 1

ability to focus on specific stimuli or locations in our environment

Answer 1

attention

Question 2

what are the two kinds of attention?

Answer 2

selective and divided

Question 3

ability to focus on one message and ignoring all others

Answer 3

selective attention

Question 4

paying attention to more than one thing at a time or doing two tasks at once

Answer 4

divided attention

Question 5

a person listens to 2 messages presented stimultaneouly; one in the right ear and one in the left. What is this?

Answer 5

dichotic listening

Question 6

a person repeats out loud the words that they have just heard. What is this?

Answer 6

shadowing task

Question 7

What is the early selection model?

Answer 7

Broadbent’s filter model

Question 8

What is the intermediate selection model?

Answer 8

Treisman’s attenuation model

Question 9

process of selecting among multiple stimuli to get rid of the unimportant and keep the important

Answer 9

Filtering

Question 10

What trend showed on multiple shadowing studies on attended and unattended messaging?

Answer 10

fewer physical differences = harder to ignore

more physical differences = easier time with shadowing task

Question 11

What is the late selection model?

Answer 11

MacKay

Question 12

What acts as a simple on-off switch (filter) that allows only one message at a time to pass?

Answer 12

Attention

Question 13

Where is the filter in the early selection model?

Answer 13

eardrum

Question 14

holds all incoming information for 250-300 ms

Answer 14

sensory memory

Question 15

processes all information to determine higher-level characteristics of the message

Answer 15

Detector

Question 16

The detector is the area of the brain that does what?

Answer 16

applies meaning

Question 17

holds information for 10-15 seconds and may transfer to long-term memory; receives output of detector

Answer 17

short-term memory

Question 18

Once something is in short-term memory it is what?

Answer 18

conscious

Question 19

Broadbent’s model could not explain what?

Answer 19

why a participant’s name gets through the unattended channel (cocktail party phenomenon)

why participants can shadow meaningful messages that switch from one ear to another

Question 20

analyzes incoming messages in terms of physical characteristics, language, and meaning

Answer 20

attenuator

Question 21

attenuated acts like what?

Answer 21

a dial - goes up and down

Question 22

unattenuated

let through at full-strength

goal/task relevant

dampens other voices when talking to a person and amplifies specific voices to hear

Answer 22

attended message

Question 23

let through at a weaker strength

attenuated

Answer 23

unattended message

Question 24

contains words each of which has a threshold for being activated and where you store words and meanings

Answer 24

dictionary unit (lexicon)

Question 25

words that are common or important

Answer 25

low thresholds

Question 26

words that are rare, hold less importance

Answer 26

high threshold

Question 28

more times we encounter a word, the ___ it is to break through the threshold

Answer 28

easier

Question 29

Does your name have a low or high threshold?

Answer 29

low threshold