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M1 > Chapter 4: Eukaryotic Cells and Microorganisms > Flashcards

Chapter 4: Eukaryotic Cells and Microorganisms Flashcards

1
Q
  1. Protists include
    A. yeasts and molds.
    B. algae and protozoa.
    C. helminths.
    D. All of the choices are correct.
    E. None of the choices is correct.
A

B. algae and protozoa.

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2
Q
  1. The first primitive eukaryotic cells likely evolved from
  • A. archea.
  • B. bacteria.
  • C. prokaryotes.
  • D. the last common ancestor.
  • E. None of the choices is correct.
A

D. the last common ancestor.

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3
Q
  1. Which of the following is found in eukaryotic cells but not in the cells of bacteria?

A. nucleus
B. mitochondria
C. endoplasmic reticulum
D. lysosomes
E. All of the choices are correct.

A

E. All of the choices are correct.

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4
Q
  1. Eukaryotic flagella differ from bacterial flagella because only eukaryotic flagella
  • A. are used for cell motility.
  • B. facilitate chemotaxis.
  • C. facilitate phototaxis.
  • D. are long, whiplike structures.
  • E. contain microtubules.
A

E. contain microtubules.

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5
Q
  1. Cilia are structures for motility found primarily in:

A. protozoa.
B. algae.
C. fungi.
D. bacteria.
E. All of the choices are correct.

A

​A. protozoa.

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6
Q
  1. There are nine peripheral pairs and one central pair of _____ found inside eukaryotic flagella and cilia.
    A. filaments
    B. microtubules
    C. flagella
    D. cilia
    E. None of the choices is correct.
A

B. microtubules

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7
Q
  1. Cell walls are not usually found in

A. protozoa.
B. algae.
C. fungi.
D. bacteria.
E. All of the choices are correct.

A

A. protozoa.

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8
Q
  1. The eukaryotic cell’s glycocalyx is
    A. mostly polysaccharide.
    B. the site where many metabolic reactions occur.
    C. also called the cell wall.
    D. composed of lipids.
    E. protection against osmotic lysis.
A

A. mostly polysaccharide.

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9
Q
  1. Which of the following is not a function of the eukaryote glycocalyx?
    A. protection
    B. adherence
    C. movement
    D. reception of chemical signals
    E. All of the choices are functions.
A

C. movement

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10
Q
  1. Chitin is a chemical component of the cell walls of
    A. protozoa.
    B. algae.
    C. fungi.
    D. bacteria.
    E. All of the choices are correct.
A

C. fungi.

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11
Q
  1. The eukaryote cell membrane is composed of
    A. sterols.
    B. proteins.
    C. phospholipids.
    D. cholesterol.
    E. All of the choices are correct.
A

E. All of the choices are correct.

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12
Q
  1. The site for ribosomal RNA synthesis is the
    A. ribosome.
    B. nucleolus.
    C. nucleus.
    D. Golgi apparatus.
    E. lysosome.
A

B. nucleolus.

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13
Q
  1. When a eukaryotic cell is not undergoing mitosis, the DNA and its associated proteins appear as a visible network of dark fibers called the

A. nuclear envelope.
B. nucleosome.
C. nucleolus.
D. nucleoplasm.
E. chromatin.

A

E. chromatin.

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14
Q
  1. Histones are
    A. found in polyribosomes.
    B. enzymes found in lysosomes.
    C. proteins of the cytoskeleton.
    D. proteins associated with DNA in the nucleus.
    E. on the surface of rough endoplasmic reticulum.
A

D. proteins associated with DNA in the nucleu

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15
Q
  1. The passageways in the nuclear envelope for movement of substances to and from the nucleus and cytoplasm are called nuclear
    A. histones.
    B. chromatin.
    C. pores.
    D. endoplasmic reticulum.
    E. inclusions.
A

C. pores.

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16
Q
  1. The cell’s series of tunnel-like membranes functioning in transport and storage are the
    A. mitochondria.
    B. lysosomes.
    C. Golgi apparatus.
    D. chloroplasts.
    E. endoplasmic reticulum.
A

E. endoplasmic reticulum.

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17
Q
  1. An organelle that is a stack of flattened, membranous sacs and functions to receive, modify, and package proteins for cell secretion is the
    A. mitochondria.
    B. lysosome.
    C. Golgi apparatus.
    D. chloroplast.
    E. endoplasmic reticulum.
A

C. Golgi apparatus.

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18
Q
  1. Protists with contractile vacuoles
    A. are algae.
    B. use them to expel excess water from the cell.
    C. typically live in salty seawater.
    D. use them for motility.
    E. All of the choices are correct.
A

B. use them to expel excess water from the cell.

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19
Q
  1. A(n) _____ originates from the Golgi apparatus as one type of vesicle that contains a variety of enzymes for intracellular digestion.

A. perixosome
B. lysosome
C. magnetosome
D. inclusion
E. ribosome

A

B. lysosome

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20
Q
  1. Which organelle contains cristae where enzymes and electron carriers for aerobic respiration are found?
    A. mitochondria
    B. lysosomes
    C. Golgi apparatus
    D. chloroplasts
    E. endoplasmic reticulum
A

A. mitochondria

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21
Q
  1. Mitochondria possess all of the following except
    A. enzymes for metabolism.
    B. cristae.
    C. electron transport chain proteins.
    D. enzymes for photosynthesis.
    E. 70S ribosomes (prokaryote).
A

D. enzymes for photosynthesis.

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22
Q
  1. Which organelle is found in algae but not found in protozoa or fungi?
    A. mitochondria
    B. lysosome
    C. Golgi apparatus
    D. chloroplast
    E. endoplasmic reticulum
A

D. chloroplast

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23
Q
  1. The size of a eukaryotic cell ribosome is
    A. 30S.
    B. 40S.
    C. 50S.
    D. 70S.
    E. 80S.
A

E. 80S.

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24
Q
  1. Which of the following is not true of the cytoskeleton?
    A. structural framework for the cell
    B. anchor points for organelles
    C. made up of microfilaments
    D. made up of microtubules
    E. made up of cilia
A

E. made up of cilia

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25
Q
  1. In eukaryotic cells, ribosomes have two locations: scattered in the _____ and on the surface of the _____.

A. cytoplasm, Golgi apparatus
B. nucleus, Golgi apparatus
C. cytoplasm, endoplasmic reticulum
D. nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum

A

C. cytoplasm, endoplasmic reticulum

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26
Q
  1. The cytoskeleton
    A. anchors organelles.
    B. provides support.
    C. functions in movements of the cytoplasm.
    D. helps maintain cell shape.
    E. All of the choices are correct.
A

E. All of the choices are correct.

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27
Q
  1. Filamentous fungi are called
    A. pseudohyphae.
    B. septa.
    C. molds.
    D. dimorphic.
    E. mycelium.
A

C. molds

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28
Q
  1. When buds remain attached, they form a chain of yeast cells called
    A. pseudohyphae.
    B. septa.
    C. molds.
    D. dimorphic.
    E. mycelium.
A

A. pseudohyphae.

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29
Q
  1. Fungi that grow as yeast at one temperature but will grow as mold at another temperature are called
    A. dimorphic.
    B. saprobes.
    C. pseudohyphae.
    D. spores.
    E. parasites.
A

A. dimorphic.

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30
Q
  1. Which is not a characteristic of fungi?
    A. have cell walls
    B. photosynthetic
    C. include single-celled and filamentous forms
    D. heterotrophic nutrition
    E. can use a wide variety of nutrients
A

B. photosynthetic

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31
Q
  1. The long, threadlike branching cells of molds are called

A. conidiophores.
B. pseudohyphae.
C. hyphae.
D. septate.
E. ascus.

A

C. hyphae.

32
Q
  1. Most fungi obtain nutrients from dead plants and animals. These fungi are called
    A. saprobes.
    B. parasites.
    C. substrates.
    D. nonseptate.
    E. dimorphic.
A

A. saprobes.

33
Q
  1. The woven, intertwining mass of hyphae that makes up the body of a mold is a(n)

A. septum.
B. rhizoid.
C. spore.
D. bud.
E. mycelium.

A

E. mycelium.

34
Q
  1. Fungal infections are known as ________ and can be acquired from environmental or clinical sources.
  • A. secondary infections
  • B. vegetative infections
  • C. mycoses
  • D. saprobic infections
  • E. parasitoses
A

C. mycoses

35
Q
  1. During unfavorable growth conditions, many protozoa can convert to a resistant, dormant stage called a(n)

A. endospore.
B. cyst.
C. seed.
D. trophozoite.
E. sporozoa.

A

B. cyst.

36
Q
  1. All of the following are found in some or all protozoa except
    A. motility.
    B. ectoplasm and endoplasm.
    C. heterotrophic nutrition.
    D. formation of a cyst stage.
    E. cell wall.
A

E. cell wall.

37
Q
  1. The motile, feeding stage of protozoa is called the
    A. trophozoite.
    B. cyst.
    C. sporozoite.
    D. oocyst.
    E. food vacuole.
A

A. trophozoite

38
Q
  1. The group of protozoa that have flagella are the
    A. sarcodina.
    B. ciliophora.
    C. mastigophora.
    D. apicomplexa.
    E. None of the choices is correct.
A

C. mastigophora.

39
Q
  1. The group of protozoa that have gliding motility are the
  • A. amoeba/sarcodina.
  • B. ciliophora.
  • C. mastigophora.
  • D. apicomplexa/sporozoa.
  • E. None of the choices is correct.
A

D. apicomplexa/sporozoa.

40
Q
  1. The group of protozoa that use pseudopodia to move are the
    A. sarcodina.
    B. ciliophora.
    C. mastigophora.
    D. apicomplexa.
    E. None of the choices is correct.
A

A. sarcodina.

41
Q
  1. Which is mismatched?
  • A. Giardia—causes intestinal distress; transmitted by feces in drinking water
  • B. Histoplasma—fungus that causes Ohio Valley fever
  • C. Trichomonas—sexually transmitted vaginal infection
  • D. Plasmodium—protozoan that causes Chagas disease
  • E. Naegleria—amoeba that causes brain infection
A

D. Plasmodium—protozoan that causes Chagas disease

42
Q
  1. Protozoan endoplasm contains
    A. ectoplasm.
    B. mitochondria.
    C. flagella.
    D. oral groves.
    E. None of the choices is correct.
A

B. mitochondria.

43
Q
  1. Protozoan cysts
    A. are part of all protozoan life cycles.
    B. are necessary for transmission to a new host.
    C. are helpful in surviving unfavorable conditions.
    D. are the primary form of replication.
    E. All of the choices are correct.
A

C. are helpful in surviving unfavorable conditions.

44
Q
  1. Amoebiasis (amoebic dysentery) is most commonly contracted through the
  • A. fecal-oral route from contaminated food or water.
  • B. direct transmission from one host to another.
  • C. puncture wounds.
  • D. insect bites.
  • E. None of the choices is correct.
A

A. fecal-oral route from contaminated food or water.

45
Q
  1. All of the following are helminths except
    A. pinworms.
    B. flukes.
    C. trypanosomes.
    D. roundworms.
    E. tapeworms.
A

C. trypanosomes.

46
Q
  1. Which of the following does not pertain to helminths?
    A. in kingdom Protista
    B. parasitic worms
    C. eggs and sperm used for reproduction
    D. often alternate hosts in complex life cycles
    E. have various organ systems
A

A. in kingdom Protista

47
Q
  1. Larvae and eggs are developmental forms of
  • A. protozoa.
  • B. algae.
  • C. helminths.
  • D. fungi.
  • E. None of the choices is correct.
A

C. helminths.

48
Q
  1. All of the following are helminths except
    A. tapeworms.
    B. flukes.
    C. flatworms.
    D. roundworms.
    E. All of the choices are helminths.
A

E. All of the choices are helminths.

49
Q
  1. Adulthood and mating of helminths occur in which host?
    A. primary host
    B. secondary host
    C. definitive host
    D. transport host
    E. Mating takes place in all hosts.
A

C. definitive host

50
Q
  1. Larval development of helminths occurs in which host?
  • A. primary host
  • B. intermediate (secondary) host
  • C. definitive host
  • D. transport host
  • E. Mating takes place in all hosts.
A

B. intermediate (secondary) host

51
Q
  1. Parasitic worms have a highly developed ______ system.
    A. digestive
    B. nervous
    C. respiratory
    D. muscular
    E. reproductive
A

E. reproductive

52
Q
  1. In humans, helminths generally infect the
    A. digestive tract.
    B. urinary tract.
    C. nervous system.
    D. muscular system.
    E. skin.
A

A. digestive tract.

53
Q
  1. After returning from a trip to Africa, Tom begins to feel very tired and weak. He has severe anemia. A blood smear reveals a protozoan is present in his blood. The health care provider tells Tom he has malaria. Which of the following could be the causative agent of his disease?
    A. HIV
    B. Nagleria fowleri
    C. Plasmodium falciparum
    D. Trichophyton
    E. Histoplasma capsulatum
A

C. Plasmodium falciparum

54
Q
  1. The eukaryotic cell membrane is a bilayer of sterols.
A

FALSE

55
Q
  1. The cell wall of fungi and algae are chemically identical to the bacterial cell wall.
A

FALSE

56
Q
  1. The nuclear envelope is a single layer.
A

FALSE

57
Q
  1. Rough endoplasmic reticulum is studded with ribosomes.
A

TRUE

58
Q
  1. Eukaryotic mitochondria have their own 70S ribosomes and circular DNA.
A

TRUE

59
Q
  1. Algae are classified into divisions based principally on their type of motility.
A

FALSE

60
Q
  1. Infections caused by fungi are called mycoses.
A

TRUE

61
Q
  1. All fungi have hyphae.
A

FALSE

62
Q
  1. In humans, fungi can only infect the skin.
A

FALSE

63
Q
  1. All fungi cause some kind of disease in plants and animals.
A

FALSE

64
Q
  1. Fungi can reproduce both sexually and asexually.
A

TRUE

65
Q
  1. All algae have chloroplasts.
A

TRUE

66
Q
  1. An amoeba is which type of microorganism?
    A. a prokaryotic alga
    B. a eukaryotic fungus
    C. a eukaryotic protozoan
    D. a prokaryotic bacterium
A

C. a eukaryotic protozoan

67
Q
  1. Which type of eukaryotic organisms can cause infections in humans?
    A. helminths
    B. fungi
    C. protozoans
    D. Helminths, fungi, and protozoans can all be pathogenic to humans.
A

D. Helminths, fungi, and protozoans can all be pathogenic to humans.

68
Q
  1. An amoeba exhibits motility due to
    A. cilia.
    B. flagella.
    C. pseudopods.
    D. pili.
A

C. pseudopods.

69
Q
  1. Acanthamoeba and other protozoans exhibit a two-stage life cycle: a resting cyst stage and a motile feeding stage called the

A. merozoite.
B. trophozoite.
C. sporozoite.
D. hermaphrodite.

A

B. trophozoite.

70
Q
  1. After staining, you visualize the specimen. You identify single-celled organisms that possess a nucleus, and many of them are undergoing the process of budding. You believe that this patient is suffering from an infection caused by a
    A. helminth.
    B. protozoan.
    C. fungus.
    D. bacterium.
A

C. fungus.

71
Q
  1. You look closely and see that some of the cells are producing filamentous structures called hyphae. A term referring to a yeast able to exist in a yeast or hyphal form is
    A. dioecious.
    B. dimorphic.
    C. dichotomous.
    D. diurnal.
A

B. dimorphic.

72
Q
  1. You suspect that your patient is suffering from oral candidiasis, caused by Candida albicans, and know that treatment may require drugs that produce toxic side effects. Which of the following statements explains why drugs used to treat this type of infection can be toxic to humans?
    A. They target viruses only seen in humans.
    B. They target eukaryotic structures seen in both Candida albicans and human cells.
    C. They target peptidoglycan which is seen in both Candida albicans and human cells.
    D. They target the process of sporulation exhibited by both Candida albicans and human cells.
A

B. They target eukaryotic structures seen in both Candida albicans and human cells.

73
Q
  1. Helminths belong to which domain of life?
    A. Bacteria
    B. Archaea
    C. Eukarya
    D. They are viruses and are not classified in any domain of life.
A

C. Eukarya

74
Q
  1. Pinworm is which type of helminth?
    A. nematode
    B. flatworm
    C. trematode
    D. cestode
A

A. nematode

75
Q
  1. Many helminths are hermaphroditic, meaning they
    A. thrive in water.
    B. have both male and female sex organs.
    C. have a definitive host.
    D. lay 200,000 eggs a day.
A

B. have both male and female sex organs.

76
Q
  1. Most helminths are macroscopic, yet they are studied in the field of microbiology. This is due to the fact that during their lifecycle, they may produce which microscopic structures?
    A. eggs or cysts
    B. pili
    C. proglottids
    D. spores
A

A. eggs or cysts

77
Q
  1. In the helminth life cycle, adulthood and mating of the worm occur in which type of host?
    A. intermediate
    B. transport
    C. accidental
    D. definitive
A

D. definitive

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