Chapter 4 - Ethical guidelines of psychology research

Question 1

Three categories of ethical violations in the Tuskegee Syphilis study.

Answer 1

1. The men were not treated respectfully
2. The men in the study were harmed
3. Researchers targeted a disadvantaged social group in the study

Question 2

What is the fundamental conundrum of deciding whether research is ethical?

Answer 2

Trying to balance the potential risks to participants and the knowledge gained.

Question 3

The principle of ___________ involves 2 provisions, informed consent and people should be treated as autonomous agents.

Answer 3

Respect for persons.

Question 4

To comply with the principle of ______________, researchers must take precautions to protect participants from harm and ensure their well-being.

Answer 4

Beneficence

Question 5

The Belmont Report outlines three main principles for guiding ethical decision making, what are they?

Answer 5

1. Respect for persons
2. Beneficence
3. Justice

Question 6

In an __________________ study, researchers do not collect any potentially identifying information, including names, birthdays, photos and so on.

Answer 6

Anonymous

Question 7

In a ____________ study, researchers collect some identifying information (for contacting people at a later date if needed), but prevent it from being disclosed.

Answer 7

Confidential

Question 8

The principle of _____________ calls for a fair balance between the kinds of people who participate in research and the kinds of people who benefit from it.

Answer 8

Justice

Question 9

The APA outlines five general principles for guiding individual aspects of ethical behavior, what are they?

Answer 9

1. Beneficence and nonmaleficence
2. Fidelity and responsibility
3. Integrity
4. Justice
5. Respect for peoples rights and dignity.

Question 10

In addition to the five general principles, the APA lists _____n specific ethical standards

Answer 10

Ten

Question 11

The website of the ______ __________ _________ provides the full text of the APA’s ethics documents.

Answer 11

APA Ethics Office

Question 12

A _____________ _____________ _____________ is a committee responsible for interpreting ethical principles and ensuring that research using human participants is conducted ethically.

Answer 12

Institutional Review Board (IRB)

Question 13

How is informed consent contained?

Answer 13

By providing a written document that outlines the procedures, risks and benefits of the research.

Question 14

When researchers have used _________, they must spend time after the study talking with each participant in a structured conversation (debriefing).

Answer 14

Deception.

Question 15

Two forms of research misconduct that involve manipulating results.

Answer 15

1. Data fabrication

2. Data falsification

Question 16

Occurs when, instead of recording what really happened in a study, researchers invent data that fit their hypotheses.

Answer 16

Data fabrication

Question 17

Occurs when researchers influence a study’s results, perhaps by selectively deleting observations from a data set or by influencing their research subjects to act in the hypothesized way.

Answer 17

Data falsification

Question 18

A form of research misconduct that is usually defined as representing the ideas or words of others as one’s own.

Answer 18

Plagiarism

Question 19

In standard 8.09, the APA lists ethical guidelines for the care of ___________ in research laboratories.

Answer 19

Animals

Question 20

The three R’s of animal care guidelines.

Answer 20

Replacement, refinement and reduction.

Question 21

_____ means researchers should find alternatives to animals in research when possible.

Answer 21

Replacement

Question 22

______ means researchers must modify experimental procedures and other aspects of animal care to minimize or eliminate animal distress.

Answer 22

Refinement

Question 23

______ means researchers should adopt experimental designs and procedures that requires the fewest animal subjects possible.

Answer 23

Reduction