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Human Anatomy and Physiology > Chapter 4: Epithelial and connective tissue > Flashcards

Chapter 4: Epithelial and connective tissue Flashcards

1
Q

Histology

A

the study of tissues

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2
Q

Four Basic Tissue Types

A

Epithelial
Connective
Muscular
Neural

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3
Q

Epithelium

A

An avascular layer of cells that forms a barrier that covers internal or external surfaces

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4
Q

Glands

A

Secretory structures derived from epithelia

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5
Q

What tissue type covers exposed surfaces and produces glandular secretion?

A

Epithelium

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6
Q

Which tissue type contracts to produce active movement?

A

Muscular

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7
Q

What tissue type conducts electrical impulses and carries information?

A

Neural

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8
Q

Which tissue type fills internal spaces and provides structural support?

A

Connective

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9
Q

Which tissue type forms a barrier that covers both internal and external surfaces?

A

Epithelia

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10
Q

The lack of blood vessels makes a tissue what?

A

avasucular

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11
Q

Cells that are exposed to both internal and external surfaces are said to what types of cells?

A

Apical

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12
Q

Epithelia are attached to what type of membrane?

A

basement membrane

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13
Q

Epithelial cells are occasionally or continually replace?

A

continually

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14
Q

What are the four functions of the epithelial tissue?

A

Physical protection
Permeability control
Sensation trigger
Specialized secretions

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15
Q

Glands that secrete onto a body surface using a duct are said to be what?

A

Exocrine

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16
Q

Glands that secrete into neighboring tissue via the blood are said to be what?

A

Endocrine

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17
Q

Gap junctions are associated with what type of proteins?

A

channel proteins

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18
Q

What are the three different types of cell junctions?

A

Tight junction, Gap junction, desmosomes

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19
Q

What structures increase surface area?

A

Microvilli

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20
Q

What structures move materials along the surface?

A

Cilia

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21
Q

Microvilli are found in what structures?

A

Intestinal lining, kidney tubules

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22
Q

Cilia are found in what structure?

A

airways, oviduct

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23
Q

Epithelium grows in what direction?

A

up from below

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24
Q

What shortens the life of epithelium?

A

exposure

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25
Q

What type of cells become new epithelium?

A

stem cells

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26
Q

If there is just one layer of epithelial cells they are said to be what?

A

Simple

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27
Q

Stratified

A

multiple layers of cells

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28
Q

pseudostratified

A

falsely appears to have multiple layers of cells

29
Q

flat epithelium

A

squamous

30
Q

cubic epithelium

A

cuboidal

31
Q

tall epithelium

A

columnar

32
Q

What is an example of simple squamous epithelium?

A

blood vessels

33
Q

What is an example of simple cuboidal epithelium?

A

Nephrons

34
Q

What is an example of simple columnar epithelium?

A

digestive organs

35
Q

What is an example of pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium?

A

respiratory membranes

36
Q

Transitional epithelium example

A

urinary bladder

37
Q

Stratified squamous epithelium example

A

tongue surface

38
Q

Glandular epithelium that secretes small quantities is said to be what and an example would be what ?

A

Mirocrane
salivary

39
Q

Glandular epithelium that secretes a portion of the cell is said to be what and an example would be what?

A

Apical
breast milk

40
Q

Glandular epithelium that secretes the entire cell contents is said to be what and an example would be what?

A

Holocrine
sebum

41
Q

What are the functions of connective tissue?

A

Structural framework
Fluid and solute transport
Physical protection
Tissue interconnection
Fat storage
Microorganism defense

42
Q

What types of cells build fibers?

A

Fibroblasts

43
Q

Collagen fibers provides what to the connective tissue proper?

A

toughness

44
Q

Reticular fibers provide what to the connective tissue proper?

A

Support

45
Q

Elastic fibers provide what to the connective tissue proper?

A

resilience

46
Q

What would be an example of loose connective tissue?

A

Adipose tissue

47
Q

What would be an example of dense connective tissue?

A

tendons

48
Q

Fluid connective tissue is comprised of what two things?

A

cells & a ground substance

49
Q

What are two examples of fluid connective tissue and what are they made of?

A

Blood + H20 - RBCs, WBCs, platelets + plasma
Lymph - Lymphocytes + lymph fluid

50
Q

What are two examples of supportive connective tissue and what are they made of?

A

Bone - osteocytes + collogen + calcium salts
Cartilage - chondrocytes + firm gel

51
Q

Cartilage is avascular and is controlled by what?

A

fibrous pericardium

52
Q

What are the three types of cartilage?

A

Hyaline, Elastic, Fibrocartilage

53
Q

What are the cartilage cells called?

A

Chondrocytes

54
Q

Chondrocytes occupy Chambers or pools called what?

A

Lacunae

55
Q

How are nutrients spread through the cartilage?

A

diffusion

56
Q

What substance prevents the development of blood vessels within cartilage which is under testing to help in cancer treatment?

A

antiangiogenesis factor

57
Q

What are the two layers of the pericardium and what do they do?

A

Fiberous - support anf attachment
cellular - growth and maintenance

58
Q

What are the two methods of cartilage growth and how do they differ?

A

Interstitial - from within
Oppositional- on surface

59
Q

Osseous tissue is the same as what?

A

Bone

60
Q

Bone matrix is made of what substance?

A

collogen fibers and calcium salts

61
Q

Diffusion occurs through what structure within the bone?

A

Canaliculi

62
Q

What covers the bone?

A

periosteum

63
Q

What are the properties of membranes?

A

Barrier or interface, cover and protect, epithelium and connective tissue

64
Q

What are the four types of membranes?

A

Mucus
serous
cutaneous
synovial

65
Q

Mucous membranes do what

A

Lines cavities that connect to exterior

66
Q

serous membranes do what

A

Line internal cavities

67
Q

cutaneous membranes do what

A

Covers body surface

68
Q

Synovial membranes do what

A

Lines joints

Human Anatomy and Physiology (4 decks)

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