Chapter 4 Energy And Matter In Ecosystems

Question 1

Heterotrophs

Answer 1

An organisms that can not synthesis its own organic compounds from simple inorganic materials 
Eg) prokaryotes 
- animals 
- fungi 
- some protist

Question 2

Autotroph

Answer 2

An organism capable of making its own food from inorganic substances using light or chemical energy 
Also known as a producer 
Eg) green plants 
- algae 
- certain bacteria

Question 3

Energy and matter

Answer 3

Energy is lost to the atmosphere but most matter is recycled

Question 4

Chemotrophs

Answer 4

Chemotrophic bacteria use simple inorganic chemical compounds as their source of energy and matter

Question 5

Photosynthesis

Answer 5

CO2+H2O=C6H12O6+O2

Question 6

Cellular respiration

Answer 6

C6H12O6+O2=CO2+H2O+ATP

ATP is used for:
growth and repair, 
synthesis of protein building materials, 
reproduction, 
temperature Maintenance, 
mechanical work, 
chemical work

Question 7

Food chain

Answer 7

One organisms occupying a trophic level is consumed by the next organism in a higher trophic level, creating a chain whereby energy and matter are passed to higher levels

• show feeding relationships between organisms
• each link is referred to as a trophic level

Question 8

Food webs

Answer 8

A diagram that shows how different organisms feed on each other, thereby transferring energy through an ecosystem, interconnecting food chains in an ecosystem

Question 9

Energy loss in food chains

10% rule

Answer 9

The 10% rule states that only about 10% of the energy at one trophic level is passed onto the next level.

Remaining 90% is lost as heat energy and chemical energy in wastes

Question 10

Biomagnification

Answer 10

• 100% of non biodegradable chemicals and heavy metals get passed onto each trophic level.
• it may not affect organisms in the lower levels but it can have disastrous effects to the top consumers
  Eg) reproductive rates could decline and death rates could rise
• the compounds are usually stored in the animals fat tissues and has multiple effects on an organisms hormone system
  Eg) it often affects fertility