Chapter 4- Ecology

Question 0

Any factor in the environment that does not depend on the number of members in a population per unit area.

Answer 0

Density-Independent Factor

Question 1

The pattern of spacing of a population within an area.

Answer 1

Dispersion

Question 2

Any factor in the environment that depends on the number of members in a population per unit area.

Answer 2

Density-Dependent Factor

Question 3

How fast a given population grows.

Answer 3

Population Growth Rate

Question 4

The term ecologists use to describe the number of individuals moving away from a population.

Answer 4

Emigration

Question 5

The term ecologists use to describe the number of individuals moving into a population.

Answer 5

Immigration

Question 6

The maximum number of individuals in a species that an environment can support for the long term.

Answer 6

Carrying Capacity

Question 7

The study of human population size, density, distribution, movement, and birth and death rates.

Answer 7

Demography

Question 8

Change in population from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates.

Answer 8

Demographic Transition

Question 9

Occurs when births plus immigration equals deaths plus emigration.

Answer 9

Zero Population Growth

Question 10

Is the number of males and females in each of three age groups: pre-reproduction stage, reproductive stage, and post reproductive stage.

Answer 10

Age Structures

Question 11

Entire species permanently disappear from the biosphere when the last member of the species dies.

Answer 11

Extinction

Question 12

Is the variety of life in an area that is determined by the number of different species in that area.

Answer 12

Biodiversity

Question 13

The variety of genes or inheritable characteristics that are present in a population compromises.

Answer 13

Genetic Diversity

Question 14

The number of different species and the relative abundance of each species in a biological community.

Answer 14

Species Diversity

Question 15

The variety of ecosystems that are present in the biosphere.

Answer 15

Ecosystem Diversity

Question 16

Is the number of organisms per unit area.

Answer 16

Population Density

Question 17

The gradual process of species becoming extinct.

Answer 17

Background Extinction

Question 18

Is an event in which a large percentage of all living species become extinct in a relatively short period of time.

Answer 18

Mass Extinction

Question 19

All materials and organisms found in the biosphere, including minerals, fossil fuels, nuclear fuels, plants, animals, soil, clean water, clean air, and solar energy.

Answer 19

Natural Resources

Question 20

Excessive use, of species that have economic value.

Answer 20

Overexploitation

Question 21

The separation of an ecosystem into small pieces of land.

Answer 21

Habitat Fragmentation

Question 22

Different environmental conditions that occur along the boundaries of an ecosystem.

Answer 22

Edge Effects

Question 23

The increasing concentration of toxic substances in organisms a trophic levels increase in a food chain or food web.

Answer 23

Biological Magnification

Question 24

Occurs when fertilizers, animal waste, sewage, or other substances rich in nitrogen and phosphorus flow into waterways, causing extensive algae growth.

Answer 24

Eutrophication

Question 25

Nonnative species that are either intentionally or unintentionally transported to a new habitat.

Answer 25

Introduced Species

Question 26

Resources that are replaced by natural processes faster than they are consumed.

Answer 26

Renewable Resources

Question 27

Resources that are found on Earth in limited amounts or those that are replaced by natural processes over extremely long periods of time.

Answer 27

Nonrenewable Resources

Question 28

Species that are only found in that specific geographic area and critical levels of habitat loss.

Answer 28

Endemic

Question 29

The use of living organisms, such as prokaryotes, fungi, or plants, to detoxify a polluted area.

Answer 29

Bioremediation

Question 30

Adding natural predators to a degraded ecosystem.

Answer 30

Biological Augmentation