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Biology > Chapter 4 - DNA & RNA > Flashcards

Chapter 4 - DNA & RNA Flashcards

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0
Q

Name the 3 elements that make up DNA

A

Phosphate, deoxyribose sugar and a base

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1
Q

What are chromosomes and genes made from?

A

DNA

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2
Q

Is DNA a parallel molecule?

A

No it is anti-parallel

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3
Q

How are the bases held together?

A

Weak hydrogen bonds

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4
Q

Name the 4 bases present in DNA

A

Adenosine
Thymine
Guanine
Cytosine

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5
Q

Adenosine always pairs with..

A

Thymine

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6
Q

Guanine always pairs with..

A

Cytosine

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7
Q

State 3 differences between RNA and DNA

A

DNA is double stranded, RNA is single stranded
RNA has uracil instead of thymine
DNA contains deoxyribose sugar, whilst RNA contains ribose sugar

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8
Q

Name two things you need for DNA replication

A

Free nucleotides
DNA polymerase
ATP
DNA template

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9
Q

Describe step 3 in DNA replication

A

Free nucleotides match up to complementary base pairs and weak hydrogen bonds form

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10
Q

An anti-codon is made from..

A

3 tRNA bases

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11
Q

A codon is made from..

A

3 DNA or mRNA bases

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12
Q

What does the sequence of bases code for?

A

Sequence of amino acids

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13
Q

How many bases code for an amino acid?

A

A triplet (3) bases

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14
Q

One gene codes for..

A

One protein

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15
Q

What is needed for protein synthesis?

A

Free RNA nucleotides
ATP
Enzymes
Gene

16
Q

Where does transcription take place?

A

Nucleus

17
Q

Roughly, describe what happens in transcription as a whole

A

mRNA takes the code for the proteins from the DNA in the nucleus

18
Q

Where does translation take place?

A

Ribosomes in the cytoplasm

19
Q

Roughly, describe what happens in translation

A

tRNA transports specific amino acids, according to the mRNA strand to the ribosome to be synthesised. Peptide bonds form between adjacent amino acids to form a polypeptide

20
Q

Where in the cell are proteins packaged and processed?

A

Golgi Apparatus

21
Q

Name the 4 main elements that make up proteins

A

Nitrogen
Oxygen
Hydrogen
Carbon

22
Q

What is the primary structure in a protein?

A

Peptide bond holding the amino acids together

23
Q

What is the secondary structure in a protein?

A

Weak hydrogen bonds between amino acids on a polypeptide chain

24
Q

What proteins are long parallel strands?

A

Fibrous

25
Q

Globular proteins are..

A

Spherical in shape

26
Q

Conjugated proteins are..

A

Globular proteins combined with a non-protein part

27
Q

Give 2 examples each for : Fibrous, globular and conjugated proteins

A

F- collagen, actin, mysosin, keratin
G- pepsin, anti-bodies, insulin
C- haemoglobin, mucus

Biology (14 decks)

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