Chapter 4. Diversity in Living Organisms Flashcards
Classification
The grouping of organisms based on certain observable characteristics.
Advantages of classification
a. Makes the study of organisms easier and convenient.
b. it projects a picture of all life forms at a glance.
c. All biological sciences depend upon a system of classification for the study of organisms.
d. It helps us to understand the inter relations among organisms and about their evolution.
e. It gives a system of identification for known and unknown animals.
Basis for grouping 5 kingdoms.
Either prokaryotic or eukaryotic,
if eukaryotic, unicellular or multicellular
If multicellular, does it have cell wall or not
If cell wall is present, is it autotrophic or heterotrophic.
Hierarchical System of Classification
The hierarchy of classification was established and designed by Carolus Linnaeus. It is a system of arrangement of a framework in order of logical sequence. The currently followed Hierarchical system is:
Kingdom- Phylum- Class- Order-Family-Genus-Species
Five Kingdom Classification
Proposed by Robert Whittaker and modified by Carl Woese by dividing Kingdom Monera into Archaebacteria and Eubacteria.
Kingdom Monera
prokaryotic, unicellular.
maybe autotrophic or heterotrophic.
Cell wall may or may not be present.
examples: bacteria, blue green algae[Nostoc, Cyanobacteria and Anaebena]
Kingdom Protista
Eukaryotic, Unicellular.
movement with the help of flagella, cilia or pseudopodia.
Mode of nutrition can be autotrophic or heterotrophic.
Examples: Algae, euglena, paramecium, diatoms etc.
Kingdom fungi
Eukaryotic, multicellular.
non-green, saprophytic.
Lichen is the symbiotic relationship between BGA and Fungi.
Cell wall is made up of Chitin.
examples include aspergillus, agaricus, yeast , penicillium etc.
Kingdom Plantae
Eukaryotic, multicellular
autotrophic
cell wall made up of Cellulose
Kingdom animalia
Eukaryotic, multicellular
cell wall is absent
heterotrophic
Plantae
Animals are grouped into Cryptogamae and Phanerogamae.
Crptogamae
includes Thallophyta, bryophyta and pteridophyta because they have inconspicuous/hidden reproductive organs
Phanerogamae
includes Gymosperms and Angiosperms because they have well developed reproductive organs and produce seeds.
Division Thallophyta
Body parts are not well differentiated
commonly known as algae and are permanently aquatic.
possesses inconspicuous reproductive organs.
examples include spirogyra, ulothrix,ulva,chara and cladophora.
Division Bryophyta
body parts are differentiated into leaf-like structures, stem and root-like structures.
they are amphibians of plant kingdom as they require water to complete their life cycle.
possesses inconspicuous reproductive organs.
no specialized conducting tissues.
examples are Riccia, Marchantia and Moss[funaria]
Division Pteridophyta
body parts are differentiated into roots,stem and leaves.
possesses inconspicuous reproductive organs.
specialized conducting tissues are present.
examples are Fern, horsetail, Marcelia
