Chapter 4. Diversity in Living Organisms

Question 1

Classification

Answer 1

The grouping of organisms based on certain observable characteristics.

Question 2

Advantages of classification

Answer 2

a. Makes the study of organisms easier and convenient.
b. it projects a picture of all life forms at a glance.
c. All biological sciences depend upon a system of classification for the study of organisms.
d. It helps us to understand the inter relations among organisms and about their evolution.
e. It gives a system of identification for known and unknown animals.

Question 3

Basis for grouping 5 kingdoms.

Answer 3

Either prokaryotic or eukaryotic,
if eukaryotic, unicellular or multicellular
If multicellular, does it have cell wall or not
If cell wall is present, is it autotrophic or heterotrophic.

Question 4

Hierarchical System of Classification

Answer 4

The hierarchy of classification was established and designed by Carolus Linnaeus. It is a system of arrangement of a framework in order of logical sequence. The currently followed Hierarchical system is:
Kingdom- Phylum- Class- Order-Family-Genus-Species

Question 5

Five Kingdom Classification

Answer 5

Proposed by Robert Whittaker and modified by Carl Woese by dividing Kingdom Monera into Archaebacteria and Eubacteria.

Question 6

Kingdom Monera

Answer 6

prokaryotic, unicellular.
maybe autotrophic or heterotrophic.
Cell wall may or may not be present.
examples: bacteria, blue green algae[Nostoc, Cyanobacteria and Anaebena]

Question 7

Kingdom Protista

Answer 7

Eukaryotic, Unicellular.
movement with the help of flagella, cilia or pseudopodia.
Mode of nutrition can be autotrophic or heterotrophic.
Examples: Algae, euglena, paramecium, diatoms etc.

Question 8

Kingdom fungi

Answer 8

Eukaryotic, multicellular.
non-green, saprophytic.
Lichen is the symbiotic relationship between BGA and Fungi.
Cell wall is made up of Chitin.
examples include aspergillus, agaricus, yeast , penicillium etc.

Question 9

Kingdom Plantae

Answer 9

Eukaryotic, multicellular
autotrophic
cell wall made up of Cellulose

Question 10

Kingdom animalia

Answer 10

Eukaryotic, multicellular
cell wall is absent
heterotrophic

Question 11

Plantae

Answer 11

Animals are grouped into Cryptogamae and Phanerogamae.

Question 12

Crptogamae

Answer 12

includes Thallophyta, bryophyta and pteridophyta because they have inconspicuous/hidden reproductive organs

Question 13

Phanerogamae

Answer 13

includes Gymosperms and Angiosperms because they have well developed reproductive organs and produce seeds.

Question 14

Division Thallophyta

Answer 14

Body parts are not well differentiated
commonly known as algae and are permanently aquatic.
possesses inconspicuous reproductive organs.
examples include spirogyra, ulothrix,ulva,chara and cladophora.

Question 15

Division Bryophyta

Answer 15

body parts are differentiated into leaf-like structures, stem and root-like structures.
they are amphibians of plant kingdom as they require water to complete their life cycle.
possesses inconspicuous reproductive organs.
no specialized conducting tissues.
examples are Riccia, Marchantia and Moss[funaria]

Question 16

Division Pteridophyta

Answer 16

body parts are differentiated into roots,stem and leaves.
possesses inconspicuous reproductive organs.
specialized conducting tissues are present.
examples are Fern, horsetail, Marcelia

Question 17

Division Gymnospermae

Answer 17

bears naked seeds,
normally evergreen, woody and perennial
reproductive organs from cones
examples are pinus, deodar and cycas

Question 18

Division angiospermae

Answer 18

also known as flowering plants
seeds are covered by fruits and bear seed leaves or cotyledons.
embryo develops inside the seed to form future plants.
angiospermas are divided into monocots and dicots.
monocots- coconut, rice, lily, wheat and bamboo
dicots- mango,banyan, peas and grams.

Question 19

Binomial Nomenclature

Answer 19

The system of scientific naming or nomenclature was designed by Carolus linnaeus.
Binomial nomenclauture uses 2 names- the generic name and specific name.

Question 20

Shoeflower

Answer 20

Hibiscus rosasinensis

Question 21

peacock

Answer 21

Pavo cristatus

Question 22

Human

Answer 22

Homo sapiens

Question 23

Lion

Answer 23

Panthera leo

Question 24

Housefly

Answer 24

Musca domestica

Question 25

Fruitfly

Answer 25

Drosophila melanogaster

Question 26

potato

Answer 26

solanum tuberosum

Question 27

garden pea

Answer 27

Pisum sativum

Question 28

Mango

Answer 28

Mangifera indica

Question 29

Touch-me-not plant

Answer 29

Mimosa pudica

Question 30

Characteristic

Answer 30

Particular feature or particular function.

Question 31

Charecteristic of Multicellular organisms

Answer 31

uses the principle of division of labour.

Question 32

The Origin of species[1859]

Answer 32

Charles Darwin

Question 33

Evolution

Answer 33

Most of the organisms that we see today have arisen by an accumulation of changes in body design that allow the organism possessing them to survive better. This process is called evolution.

Question 34

Biodiversity

Answer 34

Diversity of life forms- variety of life forms found in a particular region

Question 35

Megadiversity

Answer 35

The warm and humid regions between The Tropic of Cancer and Tropic of Capricorn where a rich diversity of flora and fauna can be seen.

Question 36

Species

Answer 36

A species includes all animals that are similar enough to breed and perpetuate.

Question 37

Ernst Haeckel

Answer 37

1894

Question 38

Saccharomyces

Answer 38

Yeast

Question 39

Saprophytes

Answer 39

Organisms that feed off decaying food material

Question 40

Parasites

Answer 40

Organisms that derive food from the protoplasm of a host.