Chapter 4: Diagnosis and Management of Acute Respiratory Failure

Question 1

three types of respiratory failure

Answer 1

hypoxemia
hypercapnic
mixed
(p 46)

Question 2

hypoxemic respiratory failure criteria

Answer 2

<50 or an abnormal P:F ratio

p 46

Question 3

hypercapnic respiratory failure criteria

Answer 3

PaCO2 >50

p 46

Question 4

when is respiratory failure considered chronic?

Answer 4

when renal system begins compensating by retaining bicarb

p 46

Question 5

Hypoxemic respiratory failure is caused most commonly by

Answer 5

severe PNA
acute lung injury
acute pulmonary edema
(p 46)

Question 6

HYpercapnic espiratory failure is caused most commonly by

Answer 6

obstructive disease
central respiratory failure
neuromuscular respiratory failure
(p 46)

Question 7

Is V/Q matching more important for oxygenation or removal of elimination of CO2

Answer 7

oxygenation (P49)

Question 8

normal P:F

Answer 8

300-500 mm Hg

p50

Question 9

Minute ventilation formula

Answer 9

Va = (Vt-Vd) f

p50

Question 10

Increased CO2 production may contribute to hypercapnia secondary to ____(4)

Answer 10

excess carbs, hybercatobolic conditions (burns, hyperthyroidism, persistent fever)
(p51)

Question 11

Common signs of respiratory distress

Answer 11

AMS ranging from agitation to somnolence
Evidence of increased work of breathing
Bradypnea
Cyanosis of mucous membranes and nail beds
Diaphoresis
Tachycardia 
HTN
(p52)

Question 12

What is paradoxical inspiration

Answer 12

inward movement of abdominal wall during inspiration, result of a flaccid diaphragm (p52)

Question 13

Does pulse ox asses Hypercapnia?

Answer 13

no (p53)

Question 14

nasal cannula Fio2 by L 1-6

Answer 14

1 =24%
2= 28 %
3= 32%
4 = 36%
5 = 40%
6= 44%
(p55)

Question 15

Stimulation of B2 adrenergic receptors causes

Answer 15

bronchial and vascular smooth muscle relaxation

p57

Question 16

what can you add on for laryngeal edema in adults

Answer 16

racemic epi

p(57)

Question 17

How does ipratropium and other anticholinergic agents work on bronchial muscles

Answer 17

competes with acetylcholine at bronchial receptor sites resulting in smooth muscle relaxation

Question 18

which works faster B2 agonists or anticholinergics

Answer 18

B2 agonists