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Abnormal Psychology > Chapter 4 - Clinical Assessment and Diagnosis > Flashcards

Chapter 4 - Clinical Assessment and Diagnosis Flashcards

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1
Q

psychological assessment

A

procedure by which clinicians, using psychological tests, obsrvations, and interviews, develop a summary of the clients symptoms

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2
Q

clinical diagnosis

A

the process through which a clinicial arrives at a gneral “summary classification” of the patient’s symptoms by following a clearly defined system (such as the DSM)

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3
Q

presenting problem

A

major symptoms and behavior the client is experiencing

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4
Q

what types of information are part of the social or behavioral history?

A

personality factors and the social context

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5
Q

dysrhythmia

A

irregular pattern in the brain’s electrical activity

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6
Q

EEG

A

electrodes on the scalp record brain’s electrical activity

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7
Q

CAT scan

A

x-rays of the brain

(more structural than functional)

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8
Q

MRI

A

sharper images of the interior of the brain. does not submit patient to radiation

(more structual than functional)

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9
Q

PET scan

A

measures metabolic processes to appraise how well an organ is functioning

(more functional than structural)

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10
Q

fMRI

A

measures changes in blood flow in specific areas of brain tissue

(both structural and functional)

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11
Q

aphasia

A

a disorder in which there is a loss of ability to communicate verbally

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12
Q

limitations of fMRI

A
  • sensitive to inacuracies due to slight movement of the patient
  • results may be difficult to interpret
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13
Q

neuropsychological assessment

A

measuring a person’s cognitive, perceptual, and motor performance as clues to the extent and location of brain damage

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14
Q

Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS)

A

objective method of rating clinical symptoms that provides scores on 18 variables

useful in clinical research, less so in diagnosis or treatment

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15
Q

Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD)

A

similar to BPRS, but more specifically targeted. Most widely used procedure to select depressed people for clinical research

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16
Q

pros and cons of psychological tests

A
  • more precise and more reliable than interviews
  • value depends on competence of clinician who interprets them
17
Q

what are the two primary types of psychological tests?

A

intelligence tests and personality tests

18
Q

two intelligence tests that are widely used for children

A
  • Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children - Revised (WISC-IV)
  • Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
19
Q

most common intelligence test for adults

A

Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale - Revised (WAIS-III)

20
Q

Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS-III)

A

Measures intelligence of adults. Includes both verbal (vocabulary) and performance (digit span) components

21
Q

thematic apperception test (TAT)

A

patients are asked to make up stories about a set of ambiguous pictures

22
Q

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI-2)

A

objective personality test that measures tendencies to respond in psychologically deviant ways and includes a number of validity scales (which detect falsehood or inconsistencies)

23
Q

factors to keep in mind when evaluating test results

A
  • cultural bias of instrument or clinician
  • theoretical orientation of the clinician
  • underemphasis on the external situation
  • insufficient validation
  • inaccurate data or premature evaluation
24
Q

reliability

A

the degree to which a test produces the same result each time

25
Q

validity

A

the degree to which a test measures what it is supposed to measure

26
Q

symptoms

A

subjective description of complains that the patient presents about what is wrong

27
Q

signs

A

objective observations that the diagnostician may make directly or indirectly

28
Q

Axis I

A

Clinical disorders or other conditions that may be the focus of clinical attention (ex: distress in maritial relationship if this is the focus of clinical discussion)

29
Q

Axis II

A

Personality disorders and mental retardation

30
Q

Axis III

A

General medical conditions

31
Q

Axis IV

A

Psychosocial and environmental problems (only those relevant to treatment of mental disorder) ex: problem with primary support groups

32
Q

Axis V

A

Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) : 100 point scale used to assess overall ability to function. (closer to 100 is good, closer to 0 is bad)

Abnormal Psychology (3 decks)

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