Chapter 4: Chemical Quantities and Aqueous Reactions

Question 1

What do coefficients tell you?

Answer 1

The amount of moles of the substance

Question 2

Unit of measurement for molar mass (MM; the bottom number on the periodic table)

Answer 2

Grams

Question 3

The reactant used up first in a reaction; the reactant with the least number of moles

Answer 3

Limiting reactant

Question 4

The amount of product that would result if all the limiting reagent reacted

Answer 4

Theoretical yield

Question 5

The amount of product actually obtained from a reaction

Answer 5

Actual yield

Question 6

% yield formula

Answer 6

% yield = (actual yield/theoretical yield) x 100

Question 7

Homogenous mixture of 2 or more substances regardless of state

Answer 7

Solution

Question 8

The substance present in smaller amounts in chemical reactions (what is dissolved)

Answer 8

Solute

Question 9

The substance present in larger amounts (what does the dissolving)

Answer 9

Solvent

Question 10

Have smaller amounts of solute compared to solvent

Answer 10

Diluted solution

Question 11

Have larger amounts of solute compared to solvent

Answer 11

Concentration solution

Question 12

The amount of solute in a given amount of solution

Answer 12

Concentration

Question 13

Molarity (M) formula

Answer 13

M = (amount of solute [in moles] / amount of solution [in L])

Question 14

The procedure for preparing a less concentrated solution from a more concentrated solution

Answer 14

Dilution

Question 15

Dilution formula

Answer 15

M1V1=M2V2

Question 16

Materials that dissolve in water to form a solution that will conduct electricity

Answer 16

Electrolytes

Question 17

Materials that dissolve in water to form a solution that will not conduct electricity

Answer 17

Non-electrolytes

Question 18

Compounds that dissociate into ions when they dissolve electrolytes

Answer 18

Ionic compounds

Question 19

Compounds that do no dissociate when they dissolve non-electrolytes

Answer 19

Molecular compounds

Question 20

Charge of cations

Answer 20

+

Question 21

Charge of anions

Answer 21

-

Question 22

Reaction that can occur in both directions

Answer 22

Reversible reaction

Question 23

The process in which an ion is surrounded by H20 molecules and arranged in a specific manner

Answer 23

Hydration

Question 24

Reactions in which a solid forms when you mix two solutions

Answer 24

Precipitation reaction

Question 25

Reactions in which no solid forms when you mix two solutions

Answer 25

Non-precipitation reaction

Question 26

Equations that describe the chemicals put into the water and the product molecules

Answer 26

Molecular equation

Question 27

Equations that describe the material’s structure when dissolved

Answer 27

Ionic equations

Question 28

Ions that are both reactants and products

Answer 28

Spectator ions

Question 29

Ionic equation in which spectator ions are removed

Answer 29

Net ionic equation

Question 30

Point at which the reaction is complete

Answer 30

Equivalence point

Question 31

Substance that changes color at or near the equivalence point

Answer 31

Indicator

Question 32

Loses electrons

Answer 32

Oxidation (LEO)

Question 33

Gains electrons

Answer 33

Reduction (GER)

Question 34

Increase in oxidation state

Answer 34

Oxidation

Question 35

Decrease in oxidation state

Answer 35

Reduction