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Biology > Chapter 4 - Cells > Flashcards

Chapter 4 - Cells Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

Cytoplasm

A

Semifluid substance enclosed by a cell’s plasma membrane.

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1
Q

Cell Theory

A

Theory that all organisms consist of one or more cells, which are the basic unit of life; all cells come from division of pre-existing cells and all cells pass hereditary material to offspring

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2
Q

Nucleus

A

Organelle with two membranes that holds a eukaryotic cell’s DNA

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3
Q

Organelle

A

Structure that carries a specialized metabolic function inside a cell

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4
Q

Plasma membrane

A

A cell’s outermost membrane - semi-permeable

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5
Q

Surface-to-volume-ratio

A

A relationship in which the volume of an object increases with the cube of the diameter, and the surface area increases with the square

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6
Q

Ribosome

A

Organelle of protein synthesis

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7
Q

Plasmid

A

Small circle of DNA in some bacteria and archea

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8
Q

Pilus

A

Protein filament that protects from the surface of some bacteria and archea

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9
Q

Nucleoid

A

Region of cytoplasm where DNA is concentrated inside a bacterium or achaeon

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10
Q

Flagellum

A

Long, slender cellular structure used for motility

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11
Q

Cell wall

A

Semirigid but permeable structure that surrounds the plasma membrane of some cells

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12
Q

Biofilm

A

Community of microorganisms living within a shared mass of slime.

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13
Q

Nucleus

A

Protects and controls access to DNA and has membrane

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14
Q

Endoplasmic reticulum

A

Routing, modifying mew polypeptide chains, synthesizing lipids and has membrane

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15
Q

Golgi body

A

Modifying new polypeptide chains and lipids, sorting and shipping proteins and lipids. Membrane

16
Q

Vesicles

A

Small, membrane enclosed organelle that’s involved in Transporting, sorting, or digesting substances in a cell

17
Q

Vesicles

A

Transporting, storing, or digesting substances in a cell.

18
Q

Mitochondria

A

Make ATP to break down glucose

19
Q

Chloroplast

A

Photosynthesis in plants, some protists

20
Q

Lysosome

A

Enzyme filled vesicle that functions in Intracellular digestion

21
Q

Peroxisome

A

Enzyme filled vesicle that breaks down amino acids, fatty acids, and toxic substances

22
Q

Vacuole

A

Fluid filled organelle that isolates or disposes of waste, debris, or toxic materials.

23
Q

Ribosome

A

Assembling polypeptide chains. NO MEMBRANE

24
Q

Centriole

A

Anchor for cytoskeleton. NO MEMBRANE

25
Q

Cytoskeleton

A

Contributes to cell shape, internal organization, movement. Microtubules, microfilaments, intermediate filaments

26
Q

Rough ER

A

Modifies proteins made by ribosomes attached to it

27
Q

Smooth ER

A

Makes lipids, breaks down carbohydrates and fats, inactivates toxins

28
Q

Chromatin

A

Collective term for DNA molecules together with their associated proteins.

29
Q

Chromosome

A

A structure that consists of DNA and associated proteins; carries part or all of the cell’s genetic information

30
Q

Nuclear envelope

A

A double membrane that constitutes the outer boundary of the nucleus. Pores in the membrane control which substances can cross.

31
Q

Nucleolus

A

In a cell nucleus, a dense, irregular shaped region where ribosomal subunits are assembled

32
Q

Nucleoplasm

A

Viscous fluid enclosed by the nuclear envelope

33
Q

Central vacuole

A

Fluid-filled vesicle in many plant cells

34
Q

Endomembrane system

A

Series of interacting organelles(ER, golgi, vesicles)between nucleus and plasma membrane; produces lipids, proteins.

35
Q

Chloroplast

A

Organelle of photosynthesis in the cells of plants and many protists

36
Q

Mitochondrion

A

Organelle thar produces ATP by aerobic respiration in eukaryotes

37
Q

Plastid

A

Category of double-membranes organelle in plants and algal cells. Different types specialize in photosynthesis or storage - chloroplasts and amyloplast

Biology (4 decks)

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