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SAT Biology > Chapter 4: Cell Stucture > Flashcards

Chapter 4: Cell Stucture Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the function of the Smooth ER?

A

cellular transport system - system of tubes that transports substances

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2
Q

What is the function of the Rough ER?

A

The ribosomes of the rough ER synthesize MEMBRANE proteins or secreted proteins

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3
Q

Are enzymes inorganic or organic?

A

Organic (they are proteins)

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4
Q

Where does the substrate bind to?

A

Active site

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5
Q

Are enzymes specific to particular reactions?

A

yes

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6
Q

What is the function of the vacuoles?

A

storage of waste and other material

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7
Q

What is the function of the lysosomes?

A

digests foreign substances and worn out cell parts

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8
Q

What is the function of the mitochondria?

A

produces ATP, bound by a double membrane

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9
Q

What is the function of the cell membrane?

A

outer membrane that regulates what comes and goes in and out of the cell

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10
Q

What are plant cell walls called?

A

Cellulose (polysaccharide)

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11
Q

What are bacteria cell walls called?

A

Peptidoglycan (protein and sugar)

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12
Q

What are fungi cell walls called?

A

Chitin (polysaccharide)

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13
Q

What is the function of the nucleus?

A

Control center of the cell, contains genetic material (DNA), also bound by a double membrane

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14
Q

What is the function of the nucleolus?

A

Small, dense structure in nucleus, site of RIBSOME SYNTHESIS

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15
Q

What are examples of substances that cross with simple diffusion?

A

Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide, Cholesterol

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16
Q

What do catalysts do?

A

Catalysts make chemical reactions occur faster

17
Q

What are substrates?

A

They are reactants in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction

18
Q

What do coenzymes do?

A

they help enzymes work faster or at all

19
Q

What are the most important coenzymes and why do we need them?

A

Vitamins - without them, enzymes would be unable ot function so chemical reactions would not occur. This is why humans need all the vitamins to survive

20
Q

What direction does diffusion go in (gradient)?

A

High to low concentration

21
Q

What direction does active transport go in (gradient)?

A

Low to high concentration

22
Q

What does active transport require?

A

Energy

23
Q

What are some substances that cross with facilitated diffusion?

A

Sodium, potassium, calcium, glucose

24
Q

How do hydrophobic substances cross the membrane?

A

through facilitated diffusion

25
Q

What is phagocytosis?

A

cell eating - amoeba surrounds food with pseudopods

26
Q

What is pinocytosis?

A

cell drinking

27
Q

What is endocytosis?

A

bulk transport into cell, includes phagocytosis and pinocytosis

SAT Biology (1 decks)

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