Chapter 4 Cell Reproduction Vocabulary words Flashcards
asexual reproduction
a new organism (sometimes more than one) is produced from one organism.
chromosome
a chromosome is a structure in the nucleus that contains hereditary material.
diploid
When cells have pairs of similar chromosomes they are said to be diploids.
DNA
It contains information for an organism’s growth and function.
Eggs
Eggs are formed in the female reproductive organs.
fertilization
The joining of an egg and a sperm is called fertilization
gene
a gene is a section of DNA on a chromosome
haploids
sex cells do not have pair of chromosomes, they are said to be haploids
meiosis
A process called meiosis produces haploid sex cells.
mitosis
The process in which the nucleus divides to form two identical nuclei is mitosis.
mutation
a mutation is any permanent change in the DNA sequence of a gene or chromosome of a cell.
RNA
RNA is the codes for making proteins are carried from the nucleus to the ribosomes by another type of nucleic acid called ribonucleic acid.
sexual reproduction
a new organism can be produced is by sexual reproduction.
Sperm
Sperm are formed in the male reproductive organs.
zygote
the cell that forms is called a zygote
Parent Cell
the original cell.
Daughter cell
2 New cells are created after the cell division process.
Cytokinesis
the cytoplasmic division of a cell at the end of mitosis or meiosis, bringing about the separation into two daughter cells.
Apoptosis
Programmed cell death that follows a sequence of controlled step that lead to self-destruction.
Spindle Fibers
Spindle fibers form a protein structure that divides the genetic material in a cell.
Centrioles
a minute cylindrical organelle near the nucleus in animal cells, occurring in pairs and involved in the development of spindle fibers in cell division.
