Chapter 4 Cell Reproduction Vocabulary Words Flashcards
asexual reproduction
A new organism (sometimes more than one) is produced from one organism.
chromosome
A structure in the nucleus that contains hereditary material.
diploid
Cells that have pairs of similar chromosomes.
fertilization
The joining of an egg and a sperm.
gene
A section of DNA on a chromosome.
haploid
Cells that don’t have pairs of chromosomes.
meiosis
Produces haploid sex cells.
mitosis
The process in which the nucleus divides to form two identical nuclei.
mutation
Any permanent change in the DNA sequence of a gene or chromosome of a cell.
sexual reproduction
When two sex cells, sometimes called an egg and a sperm, come together,
sperm
Formed in the male reproductive organs.
RNA
The code for making proteins that are carried from the nucleus to the Ribosomes by another type of nucleic acid called ribonucleic acid.
zygote
The cell that forms after fertilization.
egg
Formed in the female reproductive organs.
DNA
Contains information for an organisms growth and function.
Parent cell
The original cell.
Daughter cell
2 new cells that are created after cell division process.
Cytokinesis
When the cytoplasm and organelles finish their divisions and daughter cells are formed.
Apoptosis
The death of cells.
Spinal Fibers
The filaments that form the mitotic spindle in cell division.
Centrioles
A small structure made of microtubules which exists as part of the centrosome.
Interphase
The phase when cells grow and develop and its DNA replicates. Where they spend most of its time.
Prophase
When the spindle fibers form in the cell, the chromosomes coil up in the nucleus, and the nuclear membrane disappears.
Metaphase
When the spindle fibers attach to the centrioles and the chromosomes line up along center of the cell.
Anaphase
When the spindle fibers pull chromosomes to opposite poles.
Telophase
When the spindle fibers start to disappear, nuclear membrane forms around chromosomes, and two new nuclei are formed.
