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Canfitpro PT Exam > Chapter 4 - Cardiorespiratory Concepts > Flashcards

Chapter 4 - Cardiorespiratory Concepts Flashcards

1
Q

What is the heart rate reserve

A

This is another method to determine the exercise intensity. It takes resting HR into account

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2
Q

What is the Rating of Perceived exertion

A

A scale someone can use while training to say how hard it feels.

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3
Q

What are the cardiorespiratory guideline for a recreational exerciser?

A

Program focus: improved overall fitness, weight reduction, program variety.
frequency 3-5/week
%HR max: 65-74%
HRR: 50-85%
RPE: 4-6
Time: 20-45 min
type: moderate challenge to balance stability, coordination and muscular capacity ie, stair climber, treadmill, fitness classes, interval training

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4
Q

What are the cardiorespiratory guidelines for a non exerciser or occasional?

A 
Frequency: 1-4/week
%HR max: 55-64%
HRR: 50-85%
RPE: 2-4
Time: 10-30 minutes
Type: simple movement that require minimal challenge ie. walking, stationary bike, swimming, water aerobics, basic fitness class
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5
Q

What are the cardiorespiratory guideline for a committed exerciser or athlete?

A 
Frequency: 3-5/week
%HR max: 75-90%
HRR: 50-85%
RPE: 4-9
Time: 20-60min
Type: any of the previous an complex movements that challenges multiple components of fitness ie. cross-training, interval training, sport specific training
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6
Q

Explain the difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressure

A

systolic pressure is the pressure exerted on the walls of the arteries as the heart contracts, representing peak pressure in the system where diastolic is the pressure exerted on the arteries walls when the heart relaxes and fills again representing the lowest pressure in the arteries.

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7
Q

what is the average blood pressure of a healthy person?

A

120/80 (120= systolic pressure) and 80 = diastolic pressure

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8
Q

What is the cardiovascular system composed off?

A

of the hart, arteries and veins that carry blood throughout the body. the blood transport the nutrients, oxygen carbon dioxide, metabolic waste and hormones.

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9
Q

explain the cardiovascular anatomy

A

the heart is a pump the creates pressure in order to move blood. it has four chambers that work as two pumps. the right atrium & right ventricle collect blood returning from the muscles and moves it to the lungs. the left atrium and ventricle receives the blood from the lungs and move it back to the body.

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10
Q

what is the approximate BPM at rest

A

72 beat per minute

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11
Q

What is the stroke volume?

A

the amount of blood that the left ventricle ejects in one beat

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12
Q

Explain cardiac output

A

the cardiac output is the amount of blood that the heart ejects in one minute. it is the total of HR and stroke volume. so how many time the heart beat and how much blood it eject per beat. Q=SV X HR

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13
Q

What is the respiratory system made of?

A

of the left and right lungs and a network of air passageways. it breathe in oxygen and breathes out carbon dioxide.

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14
Q

what is VO2max.

A

it is an abbreviation for cardiorespiratory capacity, which is the max amount of oxygen the body can extract and use while training

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15
Q

what are the guidelines for cardiorespiratory training?

A

300 minutes of moderate activity or 150 of vigorous activity per week. so about 22 to 42 minutes/day pending on level.

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16
Q

what are the 3 primary ways of planning and deciding on the exercise intensity?

A

oxygen uptake (usually only done with elite athlete), HR monitoring and RPE

17
Q

how do you calculate someone’s heart rate reserve?

A

target HR = (HRmax-resting HR) x percentage) + resting HR (you do for upper and lower target HR)

18
Q

Respiratory System

A

Add oxygen and remove carbon dioxide from blood

19
Q

Circulatory System

A
  • Blood transports nutrients, oxygen, carbon dioxide, waste products and chemical messages (hormones)
  • Maintains body temperature by transporting heat from the core to the skin, where it can dissipate
20
Q

Pulmonary Circulation

A
  • Right pump
  • Right atrium and right ventricle
  • Collect blood from tissue and push it through the lungs back to the heart
21
Q

Systemic Circulation

A
  • Left pump
  • Left atrium and left ventricle
  • Takes blood from lunges and moves it through the body and back to the right pump
22
Q

Process of Blood Flow

A
  1. Superior/Inferior Vena Cava (veins)
  2. Right Atrium
  3. Right Ventricle
  4. Pulmonary Artery
  5. Capillaries in the Lungs (add Oxygen, remove CO2)
  6. Pulmonary Vein
  7. Left Atrium
  8. Left Ventricle
  9. Aorta
  10. Systemic Arteries
  11. Arterioles
  12. Capillaries (deposit oxygen and nutrients from blood, waste removed from cell)
  13. Systemic Veins
23
Q

Quantity of Blood Circulation

A
  • 5 Litres of blood circulation every minute at rest

- 7 litres of blood circulation every minute during exercise

24
Q

Blood Pressure

A
  • Force on arterial walls

- Normal is 120/80 mm of mercury (mmHg)

25
Q

Systolic Blood Pressure

A
  • Top number (normal is 120 mmHg).

- During heart contraction. Peak pressure

26
Q

Diastolic Blood Pressure

A
  • Bottom number (normal is 80 mmHg).

- During heart relaxation. Lowest pressure

27
Q

Exercises Impact on Blood Pressure

A
  • Training increases the ability of the heart to pump blood, so as a client becomes more fit their resting blood pressure remains constant or may even decrease because exercise helps maintain the elasticity of vessels and keeps the circulatory system healthy.
  • Moderate exercise raises systolic (over 200 mmHg) but not dialectic (due to opening of more capillary beds)
  • Blood flow during intense exercise compress arteries and reduce blood flow which can cause dizziness from a slowdown of blood to the heart and brain
28
Q

3 Arteries For Pulse

A
  • Radial artery: arm: preferred place to take their pulse
  • Temporal artery: head
  • Carotid artery: neck
29
Q

Stroke Volume

A

Amount of blood the left ventricle pumps out in one beat (70ml average)

30
Q

Exercise’s Effect on Stroke Volume (over time)

A
  • Makes the ventricles become larger which lets them hold more blood and pump harder
  • Increases stroke volume thus increasing ability of output per heartbeat
  • This reduces stress on the heart
  • Reduces heart rate
31
Q

Cardiac Output

A

Amount of blood pumped in one minutes

= Stroke Volume* HR

32
Q

Cardiac Output during Exercise

A
  • Increases during exercise
  • Stroke volume increases early and then eventually plateaus
  • Heart rate increases with intensity and maxes out before exhaustion
33
Q

Ventilation

A
  • Air moves in and out of lungs along pressure gradients created by the diaphragm contracting and relaxing
  • Diaphragm contracts which pulls it down into abdomen
  • This acts like a vacuum by enlarging the volume of the lungs and decreasing the pressure within them
  • When muscles relax pressure increases (you breath out)
34
Q

Diffusion

A

The way gases are exchanged in the lungs

Canfitpro PT Exam (6 decks)

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