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EKG Class > Chapter 4 Cardiac Drugs > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Cardiac Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

What is the purpose of primary prevention drugs in cardiac treatment?

A

Prescribed before a cardiovascular event happens

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2
Q

What is the purpose of secondary prevention drugs in cardiac treatment?

A

Limit disease from further damage or progress or reduce symptoms

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3
Q

What are the potential effects of blood pressure medications?

A
  • Change BP
  • Blood clotting
  • Change HR/rhythm
  • Address chest pain
  • Decrease LDL (bad cholesterol)
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4
Q

What is the function of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors?

A

Expands blood vessels and prevents angiotensin II from forming on blood vessels

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5
Q

What is the ending for ACE inhibitors?

A

PRIL

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6
Q

Provide an example of an ACE inhibitor.

A

Lisinopril = Prinivil

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7
Q

What do angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) do?

A

Causes blood vessels to dilate and lowers BP

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8
Q

What is the ending for angiotensin II receptor blockers?

A

SARTAN

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9
Q

What is the primary role of beta-blockers?

A

Blocks hormone epinephrine and norepinephrine to lower BP

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10
Q

What is the ending for beta-blockers?

A

LOL

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11
Q

What do calcium channel blockers (CCBs) prevent?

A

Prevents blood vessels from becoming too constricted by restricting calcium

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12
Q

What is the ending for short-acting forms of CCBs?

A

PINE

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13
Q

What effect do diuretics have on the body?

A

Stimulates kidneys to release more urine and removes excess fluid

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14
Q

List the three categories of diuretics.

A
  • Thiazide
  • Loop
  • Potassium-sparing
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15
Q

What are antithrombotic agents?

A

Anticoagulants and antiplatelet agents that affect blood clotting

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16
Q

What is a thrombus?

A

A blood clot that is stationary

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17
Q

What do antiplatelet drugs do?

A

Prevents protein in platelets from clumping together to form blood clots

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18
Q

What is the most common over-the-counter antiplatelet?

A

Aspirin

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19
Q

What is the function of anticoagulant agents?

A

Prevents blood from creating unnecessary clots and targets clotting factors

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20
Q

What is the ending for anticoagulant agents?

A

ARIN

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21
Q

What are dysrhythmias?

A

Any regularly occurring abnormal, faulty, or disordered rhythms

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22
Q

What are antiarrhythmic drugs used to control?

A
  • Irregular heartbeat
  • Premature or extra beat
  • Supraventricular irregular beats
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23
Q

What is the purpose of antianginal drugs?

A

Vasodilators to treat angina (chest pain)

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24
Q

What is the ending for statins?

A

STATIN

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25
What is the primary action of statins?
Blocks liver enzyme that produces cholesterol
26
What is pharmacodynamics?
Study of how drugs act in living organisms
27
What is pharmacokinetics?
Study of how the body metabolizes a drug and how the body distributes or excretes drugs
28
What is pharmacogenetics?
Study of how drugs interrelate based on genetics
29
Fill in the blank: The rate or degree at which a drug is absorbed is called _______.
[key learning term] bioavailability
30
What types of interactions can affect drug efficacy?
* Drug and food or beverage interactions * Drug and dietary supplement interactions * Drug-to-drug interactions
31
What is the primary purpose of patient education in relation to drug interactions?
Helps people take ownership of their health
32
What is the potential adverse effect of Lisinopril?
Hypotension, AFIB, TIAs, PVCs
33
What is the dosage form for Enalapril maleate?
Tab, 2.5–20 mg QD or bid
34
What are the potential adverse effects of Losartan potassium?
Angina, CVA, MI, ventricular tachycardia, or ventricular fibrillation
35
What is a common side effect of beta-blockers?
Low BP, chronic HF, bradycardia
36
What is the primary action of spironolactone?
Diuretic, potassium sparing
37
What is bradycardia?
A heartbeat that is too slow, typically less than 60 BPM.
38
What is isosorbide dinitrate commonly known as?
Isordil
39
What type of medication is isosorbide dinitrate?
Vasodilator, antianginal
40
What is the dosage form and frequency for chewable isosorbide dinitrate?
Chewable Tab, 5–10 mg, q 2–3 hr
41
What is hydralazine hydrochloride commonly known as?
Apresoline
42
What type of medication is hydralazine hydrochloride?
Antihypertensive
43
What is the typical dosage for hydralazine hydrochloride?
Tab, 10–100 mg, qid
44
What are potential side effects of antihypertensive medications?
Orthostatic hypotension, hypotension, MI, angina
45
What is nitroglycerin commonly known as?
Nitrostat
46
What type of medication is nitroglycerin?
Antianginal vasodilator
47
What is the dosing instruction for nitroglycerin sublingual tablets?
Sublingual Tab, 0.3–0.6 mg prn before stressful activity, no more than three tabs in 15 min.
48
What is rosuvastatin commonly known as?
Crestor
49
What type of medication is rosuvastatin?
Antihyperlipidemic
50
What is the typical dosage for rosuvastatin?
Tab, 5-20 mg, QD
51
What is atorvastatin commonly known as?
Lipitor
52
What is the typical dosage for atorvastatin?
Tab, 10–40 mg, QD
53
What is fluvastatin sodium commonly known as?
Lescol
54
What is the typical dosage for fluvastatin sodium?
Caps, 20–40 mg, QD-hs
55
What is lovastatin commonly known as?
Mevacor
56
What is the typical dosage for lovastatin?
Tab, 10–40 mg, QD
57
What is pravastatin commonly known as?
Pravachol
58
What is the typical dosage for pravastatin?
Tab, 20-80 mg, QD
59
What is simvastatin commonly known as?
Zocor
60
What is the typical dosage for simvastatin?
Tab, 5–80 mg, QD
61
What is digoxin commonly known as?
Lanoxin
62
What type of medication is digoxin?
Inotropic antidysrhythmic, cardiac glycoside
63
What is the typical dosage for digoxin?
Caps, 0.05–0.2 mg, bid, Elixir, 0.05 mg/mL, q 6–8 hr
64
What is angiotensin?
A hormone created in the liver that regulates sodium and water balance in the body
65
What is angina?
Heart pain caused by inadequate oxygen to the heart due to blocked or constricted arteries and veins
66
What does the term antianginal refer to?
A category of drugs used to reduce angina
67
What does antiarrhythmic mean?
A drug used to control or prevent arrhythmias
68
What does antihyperlipidemic refer to?
A category of medications used to lower cholesterol
69
What is cardiomegaly?
An enlarged heart
70
What is arrhythmia?
Heartbeat rhythms caused by alteration in time, quality, force, or sequence
71
What does antithrombotic mean?
A category of drugs used to prevent or treat blood clots
72
What does antihypertensive refer to?
Category of drugs used to lower blood pressure
73
What is bioavailability?
The rate or degree a drug is absorbed into the body
74
What is dysrhythmia?
A regularly occurring abnormal, faulty, or disordered rhythm
75
What is fibrillation?
Electrical signals that produce a quiver in the heart muscles of the atria or ventricles
76
What is pharmacodynamics?
The study of how drugs interact with living organisms
77
What is fibrin?
A protein that forms a mesh to keep platelets together
78
What is heart failure?
A condition when the heart can no longer function normally, causing insufficient systemic blood flow
79
What is heart disease?
A structural or functional abnormality of the heart and cardiovascular system
80
What is hypertrophy?
Abnormal thickening of the walls and structures of the heart
81
What is pharmacokinetics?
The study of how the body metabolizes a drug and how it distributes or excretes drugs
82
What are platelets?
A type of blood cell that can create a mass of thrombus
83
What is a premature atrial complex?
A heart rhythm disturbance where an extra beat originates in the atrium
84
What is a premature ventricular contraction?
A heart rhythm disturbance where an extra beat originates in the ventricles
85
What does pharmacogenetics study?
How drugs interrelate based on genetics
86
What is a primary prevention drug?
A drug prescribed before a cardiovascular event
87
What is rhabdomyolysis?
A rare muscle injury that can lead to kidney failure and death
88
What does supraventricular mean?
Originating above the atrioventricular node (AV)
89
What is sinus tachycardia?
A heartbeat with a regular rhythm that beats too fast at more than 100 BPM
90
What is syncope?
A condition when a person becomes lightheaded or faints
91
What is thrombosis?
A condition where a blood clot has become dislodged from the vessel wall and is circulating in the bloodstream
92
What is a thrombus?
A blood clot that is attached to the vessel wall
93
What are vasodilators?
Medications that reduce the heart’s workload by relaxing and dilating blood vessels
94
What are the two main components of a blood clot?
* Platelets * Fibrin

EKG Class (2 decks)

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