Chapter 4: Carbon

Question 1

Carbon can bond to how many other atoms?

Answer 1

4

Question 2

Living organisms consist mostly of _______ based compounds

Answer 2

Carbon

Question 3

How many valence electrons does Carbon have

Answer 3

4

Question 4

When Carbon atoms form four single covalent bonds, the arrangement of the orbitals is what shape?

Answer 4

Tetrahedral

Question 5

Form the skeletons of most organic molecules

Answer 5

Carbon chains

Question 6

Organic molecules consisting of only Carbon and hydrogen

Answer 6

Hydrocarbons

Question 7

Compounds with the same molecular formula but different structures and properties

Answer 7

Isomers

Question 8

Have different covalent arrangements of their atoms

Answer 8

Structural isomers

Question 9

Have the same covalent bonds but differ in spatial arrangements

Answer 9

Cis-trans isomers

Question 10

Isomers that are mirror images of each other

Answer 10

Enantiomers

Question 11

Components of organic molecules that are most commonly involved in chemical reactions

Answer 11

Functional groups

Question 12

Hydroxyl group: compound name and structure

Answer 12

Alcohol, -OH

Question 13

Carbonyl group: compound name and structure

Answer 13

Ketone or aldehyde, C=O

Question 14

Carboxyl group: compound name and structure

Answer 14

Carboxylic acid or organic acid, -COOH

Question 15

Amino group: compound name and structure

Answer 15

Amine, -NH2

Question 16

Sulfhydryl group: compound name and structure

Answer 16

Thiol, -SH

Question 17

Phosphate group:compound name and structure

Answer 17

Organic phosphate, -OPO3 2-

Question 18

Methyl group: compound name and structure

Answer 18

Methylated compound, -CH3

Question 19

Functional group that acts as an acid

Answer 19

Carboxyl group

Question 20

Functional group that acts as a base

Answer 20

Amino acid

Question 21

Functional group that affects the expression of genes and affects the shape and function of sex hormones

Answer 21

Methyl group

Question 22

An important source of energy for cellular processes

Answer 22

ATP

Question 23

ATP consists of an organic molecule called _______________, attached to a string of three phosphate groups

Answer 23

Adenosine