Chapter 4: Carbon Flashcards
Carbon can bond to how many other atoms?
4
Living organisms consist mostly of _______ based compounds
Carbon
How many valence electrons does Carbon have
4
When Carbon atoms form four single covalent bonds, the arrangement of the orbitals is what shape?
Tetrahedral
Form the skeletons of most organic molecules
Carbon chains
Organic molecules consisting of only Carbon and hydrogen
Hydrocarbons
Compounds with the same molecular formula but different structures and properties
Isomers
Have different covalent arrangements of their atoms
Structural isomers
Have the same covalent bonds but differ in spatial arrangements
Cis-trans isomers
Isomers that are mirror images of each other
Enantiomers
Components of organic molecules that are most commonly involved in chemical reactions
Functional groups
Hydroxyl group: compound name and structure
Alcohol, -OH
Carbonyl group: compound name and structure
Ketone or aldehyde, C=O
Carboxyl group: compound name and structure
Carboxylic acid or organic acid, -COOH
Amino group: compound name and structure
Amine, -NH2
Sulfhydryl group: compound name and structure
Thiol, -SH
Phosphate group:compound name and structure
Organic phosphate, -OPO3 2-
Methyl group: compound name and structure
Methylated compound, -CH3
Functional group that acts as an acid
Carboxyl group
Functional group that acts as a base
Amino acid
Functional group that affects the expression of genes and affects the shape and function of sex hormones
Methyl group
An important source of energy for cellular processes
ATP
ATP consists of an organic molecule called _______________, attached to a string of three phosphate groups
Adenosine
