Chapter 4 Botkin and Keller

Question 1

what is population dynamics?

Answer 1

the general study of population changes

Question 2

What is a population?

Answer 2

a group of individuals of the same species living in the same area or interbreeding and sharing genetic information

Question 3

What is a demography?

Answer 3

the statistical study of human populations, and people who study the human population
include demographers

Question 4

what are the five key properties of any population?

Answer 4

Abundance, birth rate, death rate, growth rate and age structure

Question 5

what type of growth rate has the human population had?

Answer 5

exponential rate

Question 6

What is stage one of our species’ population four phases?

Answer 6

early period of hunters and gatherers

population was less than a few million

Question 7

What is stage two of our species’ population four phases?

Answer 7

began with the rise of agriculture, population grew

Question 8

What is stage three of our species’ population four phases?

Answer 8

Industrial Revolution in late 18th century - better medicine and tech, people lived longer and population grew

Question 9

What is stage four of our species’ population four phases?

Answer 9

Late 20th century

In this stage, population growth slowed in wealthy, industrialized nations, and although it has continued to increase rapidly in many poorer, less developed nations

Question 10

What is crude birth rate?

Answer 10

number of births per 1,000 individuals per year;

Question 11

What is crude growth rate?

Answer 11

net number added per 1,000 individuals per year; also equal to the crude birth rate minus crude death rate

Question 12

what is general fertility rate?

Answer 12

number of live births expected in a year per 1,000 women aged 15–49, considered the childbearing years.

Question 13

What is GNP per capita?

Answer 13

gross national product (GNP), which includes the value of all domestic and foreign output

Question 14

What is total fertility rate (TFR)

Answer 14

the average number of children expected to be born to a women throughout her child-bearing years

Question 15

How many people are estimated to have lived of earth?

Answer 15

50 billion

Question 16

Stage three of the human population growth brought on medical care and sanitation, which medicine was the significant?

Answer 16

Antibiotics

Question 17

How do you calculate doubling time?

Answer 17

70 divided by the annual growth rate

Question 18

What was P. E Verhulst’s theory of the human population growth curve?

Answer 18

population cannot grow forever and the growth curve will be shaped like an S (the logistic growth curve.

growth would increase exponentially for a while, but eventually decline when reaching the upper limit called the logistic carrying capacity

Question 19

Does the human or animal population actually follow the S-shaped growth curve?

Answer 19

No, there is little evidence that any population follow the logistic capacity curve

Question 20

What is the point of the S-shaped curve called where it change the slope horizontally?

Answer 20

Inflection point

Question 21

What are the 4 types of population pyramids?

Answer 21

a pyramid
a column
an inverted pyramid
a column with a bulge

Question 22

What is the demographic transition?

Answer 22

a three-stage patterns of change in birth rates and death rates that has occurred during the process of industrial and economic development of Western nations. It leads to a DECLINE in population growth

Question 23

What is the first step in the demographic transition?

Answer 23

decline in death rates

result of better health and sanitation

Question 24

what is the second stage of the demographic transition?

Answer 24

Birth rates start to decline and better family planning methods - still high growth rate

Question 25

what is the third stage of the demographic transition?

Answer 25

the birth rates drop to the same level as death rates - low or zero growth rate

only if there is economic benefits to having fewer children

Question 26

What is the key point to understand the demographic transition?

Answer 26

it will only happen if parents come to believe that having a small family is to their benefit

Question 27

What brings on the “second” demographic transition?

Answer 27

treating chronic health problems

Question 28

what is maximum lifetime?

Answer 28

the genetically determined maximum possible ag to which an individual of a species can live