Chapter 4 - Body Structure Flashcards
Define the Body Structure term:
Chromatin
The structural component of the nucleus, composed of nucleic acids and proteins.
Define the Body Structure term:
Chromosome
Threadlike structures within the nucleus composed of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) that carries hereditary information encoded in genes.
Define the Body Structure term:
Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)
A molecule that holds genetic information capable of replicating and producing an exact copy whenever the cell divides.
Define the Body Structure term:
Metabolism
Sum of all physical and chemical changes that take place in a cell or an organism.
Define the Body Structure term:
Organelle
Cellular structure that provides specialized functions, such as the nucleus, ribosomes, Golgi apparatus, and lysosomes.
What are the 5 levels of structure and function?
The cells, tissues, organs, systems and organism.
What is the Nucleus responsible for?
Metabolism, growth and reproduction
What is the study of tissues called?
Histology
How many types of tissues are there in the body?
4
Define:
Epithelial Tissue
Covers surfaces of organs, lines cavities
Define:
Connective Tissue
Define:
Muscle Tissue
Define:
Nervous Tissue
What kind of tissue is this:
Covers surfaces of organs, lines cavities and canals, forms tubes and ducts, provides the secreting portions of glands and makes up the outer layer (epidermis) of the skin. It is composed of cells arranged in a continuous sheet consisting of one or more layers.
Epithelial Tissue
What kind of tissue is this:
Supports and connects other body tissues. The types are: cartilage, adipose (fat), bone, elastic fiber and even blood.
Connective Tissue
What type of tissue is this:
Provides the contractile tissue of the body, which is responsible for movement.
Muscle Tissue
What type of tissue is this:
Transmits electrical impulses as it relays information throughout the entire body.
Nervous Tissue
What is:
Anatomical Position
Is a body posture used among anatomists and clinicians as a position of reference to ensure uniformity and consistency in locating anatomical parts or divisions of the human body.
What is:
A Plane
A plane is an imaginary flat surface that divides the body into two sections.
What are the most common used planes?
Coronal (frontal) plane, transverse (horizontal) plane and midsagittal (median) plane.
What plane is this:
Divides the body into top and bottom sections.
Transverse (horizontal) plane
What plane is this:
Divides the body into an anterior and posterior section.
Coronal (frontal) plane
What plane is this:
Runs through the center of the body, dividing the body into right and left halves.
Midsagittal (median) plane
What are the two main cavities that the body has:
The Dorsal Cavity and the Ventral Cavity.
Define:
Dorsal Cavity
The dorsal cavity is divided into the cranial cavity and the spinal cavity. The cranial cavity formed by the skull, contains the brain. The spinal cavity, formed by the backbone (spine) contains the spinal cord.
Define:
Ventral Cavity
The ventral cavity is divided into the thoracic cavity and the abdominopelvic cavity. The thoracic cavity is separated from the abdominopelvic cavity by a muscular wall called a diaphragm.
What does the Thoracic Cavity contain?
The lungs and the heart.
What does the abdominal cavity contain?
The liver, stomach, intestines, and kidneys.
What does the Pelvic Cavity contain?
The urinary bladder and reproductive.
