Chapter 4 - Body Structure

Question 1

Define the Body Structure term:

Chromatin

Answer 1

The structural component of the nucleus, composed of nucleic acids and proteins.

Question 2

Define the Body Structure term:

Chromosome

Answer 2

Threadlike structures within the nucleus composed of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) that carries hereditary information encoded in genes.

Question 3

Define the Body Structure term:

Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)

Answer 3

A molecule that holds genetic information capable of replicating and producing an exact copy whenever the cell divides.

Question 4

Define the Body Structure term:

Metabolism

Answer 4

Sum of all physical and chemical changes that take place in a cell or an organism.

Question 5

Define the Body Structure term:

Organelle

Answer 5

Cellular structure that provides specialized functions, such as the nucleus, ribosomes, Golgi apparatus, and lysosomes.

Question 6

What are the 5 levels of structure and function?

Answer 6

The cells, tissues, organs, systems and organism.

Question 7

What is the Nucleus responsible for?

Answer 7

Metabolism, growth and reproduction

Question 8

What is the study of tissues called?

Answer 8

Histology

Question 9

How many types of tissues are there in the body?

Answer 9

4

Question 10

Define:

Epithelial Tissue

Answer 10

Covers surfaces of organs, lines cavities

Question 11

Define:

Connective Tissue

Question 12

Define:

Muscle Tissue

Question 13

Define:

Nervous Tissue

Question 14

What kind of tissue is this:

Covers surfaces of organs, lines cavities and canals, forms tubes and ducts, provides the secreting portions of glands and makes up the outer layer (epidermis) of the skin. It is composed of cells arranged in a continuous sheet consisting of one or more layers.

Answer 14

Epithelial Tissue

Question 15

What kind of tissue is this:

Supports and connects other body tissues. The types are: cartilage, adipose (fat), bone, elastic fiber and even blood.

Answer 15

Connective Tissue

Question 16

What type of tissue is this:

Provides the contractile tissue of the body, which is responsible for movement.

Answer 16

Muscle Tissue

Question 17

What type of tissue is this:

Transmits electrical impulses as it relays information throughout the entire body.

Answer 17

Nervous Tissue

Question 18

What is:

Anatomical Position

Answer 18

Is a body posture used among anatomists and clinicians as a position of reference to ensure uniformity and consistency in locating anatomical parts or divisions of the human body.

Question 19

What is:

A Plane

Answer 19

A plane is an imaginary flat surface that divides the body into two sections.

Question 20

What are the most common used planes?

Answer 20

Coronal (frontal) plane, transverse (horizontal) plane and midsagittal (median) plane.

Question 21

What plane is this:

Divides the body into top and bottom sections.

Answer 21

Transverse (horizontal) plane

Question 22

What plane is this:

Divides the body into an anterior and posterior section.

Answer 22

Coronal (frontal) plane

Question 23

What plane is this:

Runs through the center of the body, dividing the body into right and left halves.

Answer 23

Midsagittal (median) plane

Question 24

What are the two main cavities that the body has:

Answer 24

The Dorsal Cavity and the Ventral Cavity.

Question 25

Define:

Dorsal Cavity

Answer 25

The dorsal cavity is divided into the cranial cavity and the spinal cavity. The cranial cavity formed by the skull, contains the brain. The spinal cavity, formed by the backbone (spine) contains the spinal cord.

Question 26

Define:

Ventral Cavity

Answer 26

The ventral cavity is divided into the thoracic cavity and the abdominopelvic cavity. The thoracic cavity is separated from the abdominopelvic cavity by a muscular wall called a diaphragm.

Question 27

What does the Thoracic Cavity contain?

Answer 27

The lungs and the heart.

Question 28

What does the abdominal cavity contain?

Answer 28

The liver, stomach, intestines, and kidneys.

Question 29

What does the Pelvic Cavity contain?

Answer 29

The urinary bladder and reproductive.