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PTD Beatriz > Chapter 4 B: Cavity Restorations General Concepts > Flashcards

Chapter 4 B: Cavity Restorations General Concepts Flashcards

1
Q

A restoration is

A

Any filling, inlay, … that restores or replaces lost tooth structure, teeth, or oral tissues

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2
Q

Loss of tooth structure is caused by?

A

The professional while preparing cavities, except:
1. Wearing
2. Dental diseases (enamel hypoplasia)

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3
Q

What are factors that affect the decision to replace a tooth?

A
  1. Tooth factors
  2. Patient factors
  3. Clinician and restoration to be used factors
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4
Q

Tooth factors:

A
  • primary or permanent
  • occlusal stresses
  • quality of the tooth (hypoplasia)
  • location of the tooth
  • type of tooth
  • type of tooth preparation
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5
Q

General patient factors:

A
  • age
  • patient’s exposure to fluoride
  • xerostomia
  • socio-economic status
  • diet
  • caries status
  • general health
  • presence of any parafuncitonal habit
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6
Q

Clinician and restoration to be used factors?

A
  • type of restoration
  • physical properties of the restoration
  • whether moisture control can be achieved or not
  • technical expertise
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7
Q

Types of restorations?

A

(5):
1. According to the location in the crown
2. According to the material used
3. According to the insertion technique
4. According to the durability
5. According to the aesthetics

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8
Q

According to the location in the crown, the restoration can be?

A

Intracoronal or extra coronal

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9
Q

Intracoronal is?

A

When it’s placed within a preparation made in the crown of a tooth, directly into the tooth preparation

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10
Q

Extracoronal is?

A

When it’s placed outside the tooth, uses indirect techqniue

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11
Q

According to the material being used: the materials used to restore teeth are:

A
  • CR
  • amalgam
  • GIC
  • resin-modified GIC
  • compomers
  • cast gold
  • ceramics
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12
Q

According to the insertion technique, it could be ?

A

Direct or indirect

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13
Q

Direct?

A

Material is inserted directly into the oral cavity, and hardens after insertion

EX: amalgam, or CR

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14
Q

Indirect?

A

Prepared extraorally, need a luting material that joins the tooth and the restoration
EX: cast gold or ceramics

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15
Q

Direct vs indirect restorations:
Which one has a more conservative preparation?

A

Direct

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16
Q

Direct vs indirect restorations:
Which one can be done in one appointment and is directly bonded without the use of cements?

A

Direct

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17
Q

Direct vs indirect:
Which one has an easily obtained adaptation and better mechanical resistance quality?

A

Indirect

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18
Q

According to the durability, it could be?

A

Temporary or permanent

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19
Q

Which ones are considered aesthetic and which ones aren’t?

A

Metal fillings—> not aesthetic
CR and ceramics—> aesthetic

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20
Q

Aim of restorations is to be able to:

A
  • resist masticatory forces
  • reproduce the natural color of the tooth

And if they don’t—> they’re temporary

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21
Q

Permanent restorations should be able to:

A
  • restore function
  • resist the aggressions of mastication and oral environment
  • be capable of being modelled
  • opposing teeth in occlusion
  • adjacent teeth for inter-proximal contact
22
Q

Aim of restorations:

A
  • to seal and adapt to the tooth permanently
  • protect the remaining tooth
  • prevent the tooth from fractures
  • protect the periodontium
  • respect the pulp’s health
23
Q

What do defects in the marginal seal result in?

A

Penetration of fluids and bacteria between filling and tooth, causes caries and pulp pathology (micro-filtration or marginal leakage)

24
Q

Characteristics of restoration materials include:

A
  • resistance to mastication forces
  • wear resistance
  • solubility
  • volume changes
  • expansion and contraction
  • elasticity
  • adhesiveness
  • thermal and electrical conductivity
  • biocompatibility
  • chemical stability
  • consistency
  • control of the hardening phase
  • aesthetic
25
Q

The wear resistance of the restoration should be?

A

Equal to or less than the tooth, if not it looses the ability to restore function

26
Q

The solubility should be?

A

Minimal

27
Q

The volumetric variations of the material should be?

A

Equal to the tooth

28
Q

How does expansion and contraction occur?

A

By temperature changes

29
Q

The modulus of elasticity must be?

A

As close as possible to the dental structure

30
Q

Adhesiveness?

A

Very desirable quality, which promotes sealing and retention of the restoration

31
Q

Should the restoration material be isolating or conducting?

A

Isolating because the transmission of heat and electricity through the filling causes discomfort

32
Q

Are degradation and chemical instability desirable or undesirable?

A

Undesirable except in the case of amalgam where corrosion helps sealing over time

33
Q

Control of the hardening phase?

A

Control when we wan’t the material to harden ex: CR

34
Q

Color properties?

A
  • absorption
  • refraction
  • light reflection
35
Q

What are the phases of cavity restoration?

A

Insertion
Finishing
Polishing

IFP

36
Q

Insertion?

A
  • introducing the filling material into the cavity
  • gradually inserted and adapted
  • amalgam condensed in small portions
  • CR are placed in layers and independently polymerised
  • modelling
37
Q

Specific instruments for the insertion technique?

A
  • amalgam carries, composite guns, composite syringes
38
Q

In the insertion phase of indirect restorations?

A

The insertion consists of restoration block test and cementation
The modelling phase and polishing is made in the laboratory

39
Q

Modelling sets the morphology so that the restorations fulfils the functions of?

A
  • restoring health
  • appropriate function
  • aesthetics
40
Q

We need adequate morphology in?

A

Axial surfaces, buccal curvatures, and points of contacts with the adjacent teeth

41
Q

When modelling we have to protect?

A

Gingiva and periodontium

42
Q

Finishing?

A
  • trim excess material
43
Q

When are amalgams trimmed?

A

Before polishing, with manual trimmers while the material is still in it’s plastic state

44
Q

When are composites trimmed?

A

After polymerisation, with rotary instruments

45
Q

The final step to achieve a smooth, sparkly, and spotless surface is?

A

Polishing

46
Q

After polishing the surface ?

A

Shouldn’t retain plaque and should reflect the light uniformly

47
Q

What do we have in an unpolished surface?

A
  • increased bacterial colonisation
  • alterations in areas near the gingiva as gingivitis and periodontitis
  • it can cause halitosis
48
Q

How can the plaque deposited on the surface change the color?

A

Because of pigmentation and corrosion

49
Q

Which type of bacteria can pigment restorations making them visible?

A

Chromogenic

50
Q

Abrasion is?

A

Sliding a rough and tough surface on another that is softer

51
Q

Abrasives are?

A

Substances that cause wear

52
Q

What materials are used for polishing?

A
  • finishing burs
  • brushes
  • felt
  • diamond instruments and pastes
  • paper carried abrasives
  • rubber ended rotary tools
  • cloth

PTD Beatriz (9 decks)

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