Chapter 4: Attention

Question 1

Dichotic Listening

Answer 1

Tasks where the subject listens to two verbal messages simultaneously in two different ears and are required to answer questions about one of the inputs

Question 2

Selective Attention

Answer 2

Attention to relevant information and ignoring irrelevant information

Question 3

Cocktail Party Phenomenon

Answer 3

The ability to attend to one conversation when many other conversations are around you; get its name because this occurs when we hear our name at a cocktail party

Question 4

Shadowing Task

Answer 4

Task where the subject is exposed to two messages simultaneously and must repeat one of them

Question 5

Filter

Answer 5

A hypothetical mechanism that would admit certain messages and block others

Question 6

Selective Looking

Answer 6

occurs when we are exposed to two events simultaneously but attend to only one.

Question 7

Early Selection

Answer 7

Hypothesis that attention prevents early perceptual processing of distractors

Question 8

Late Selection

Answer 8

Hypothesis that we perceive both relevant and irrelevant stimuli and therefore must filter out what is irrelevant and focus on the relevant ones.

Question 9

Stroop Task

Answer 9

Task that supports late selection; the colour names are printed in colours other than the colour they name (ex. “red” in blue print and being asked to name the word)

Question 10

Automatic Processes

Answer 10

An autonomous process that does not require us to pay any attention to it. Ex. COLOUR of the Stroop Task

Question 11

Manual Processes

Answer 11

A process that we must pay attention to if we want to execute them properly. Ex. READING of the Stroop Task

Question 12

Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex (DLPFC)

Answer 12

Area of the brain that may have a top-down bias that favours the selection of task relevant information

Question 13

Anterior Cingulate (ACC)

Answer 13

Area of the brain that may detect conflicting response tendencies of the of tasks the Stroop tasks elicits.