Chapter 4 Arthrokinematics Flashcards
Osteokinematic Motion
Bone moving on another = angular motion
(AROM) or (PROM)
- Can be measured
End Feel
Nature of resistance at end range for AROM or PROM
Bony end feel (normal)
Hard and abrupt limit to joint motion
Occurs When bone contacts bone
Example: elbow extension
Capsular end feel (normal)
Firm, leatherlike limitation of motion that has a slight give
Example: all normal joint motion of the shoulder
Soft tissue approximation (normal)
Soft end feel which has much more give to it. Muscle or adipose tissue preventing further motion
Example: forearm pressing on biceps with elbow flexion
Bony end feel (abnormal)
Hard block where not expected
Example: hard end feel at end range knee flexion
Boggy end feel (abnormal)
Has a soft, “wet sponge” feel to it
Usually present in areas of acute edema due to trauma
Muscle spasm (abnormal)
Reflexive muscle guarding during range of motion. Verified with palpation
Usually seen as a protective response during the acute phase of injury
Empty end feel (abnormal)
Lack of mechanical limitation to joint range of motion
Occurs when motion is limited by pain or patient unease or there is disruption of soft-tissue constraints
Springy block
Rebound movement felt at end range
Occurs with internal derangement of a joint…e.g. Torn cartilage
Arthrokinematic motion
Joint surface motion during osteokinematic motion. Joint Play Joint Mobilization Joint Manipulation Roll, Glide, Spin
Component movement
motions that accompany active motion but are not under voluntary control
Joint play
Movements between joint surfaces done by applying external force.
Joint mobilization
Passive oscillatory motion or sustained stretch that is applied at a slow enough speed by an external force that the individual can stop the motion
Joint manipulation
Passive movement applied with a very forceful thrust within a short range that cannot be stopped. Often times performed under anesthesia.
Ovoid
Two bones make up a concave/convex relationship. 1 rounded in and 1 rounded out
Sellar
saddle shaped- concave in one direction and convex in the other
Types of Arthrokinematic motion
Roll, Glide, spin
Roll
New points on each surface come into contact throughout the motion
Glide/Slide
One point on a joint surface contacts new points on the adjacent surface
Spin
The same point on each surface remains in contact with each other
Concave-Convex Law
Concave joint surfaces move in the same direction as the joint motion
Concave member moves in same direction as the swing of the bone
Convex joint surfaces move opposite the direction of the moving body segment
Convex member moves opposite the direction of the swing of the bone
Accessory Motion forces
Traction, compression, shear, rotary
Plane Joint axis
Non-axial
Hinge Joint axis
Uniaxial
Pivot/ Trochoid axis
Uniaxial
Saddle joint axis
Biaxial
Ball and socket axis
triaxial, multiaxial
Capsule purpose and layers
Surrounds and encases a joint.
Outer layer = fibrous, support and protection
Inner layer = synovial membrane, connective tissue, synovial fluid
Synovial fluid purpose and function
lubricates articular surface, reduces friction, shock absorption, source of nutrition
3 types of cartilage
Hyaline (articular) = ends of opposing bones
Fibrocartilage = important in weight bearing joints, shock absorption, ex. meniscus
Elastic = allows small amount of motion ex. larynx
Bursa purpose and location
Found in areas of excessive friction (under tendons, over bony prominences)
Convex-Concave Law
Concave joint surfaces glide in the SAME direction as the joint motion
Convex joint surfaces glide OPPOSITE the direction of the moving body segment
Joint Congruency
Close packed - tightly compressed
Open packed - joint surface incongruent, lax, allow for roll, glide and spin motions
Accessory Motion Forces
Traction - pulling joint surface apart
Approximation/Compression - pushing joint surface together
Shear - glide motion at joint occur parallel to the surface
Rotary Force - compression and shear, twisting
