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My dental materials > Chapter 4 and 5 definitions > Flashcards

Chapter 4 and 5 definitions Flashcards

1
Q

Force

A

One body interacting with another generates a force

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2
Q

Constrained Force

A

Deformed change in shape

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3
Q

Free/ Non-Constrained Force

A

Results in movement or translation

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4
Q

Where are occlusal forces highest

A

posterior 3500 N

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5
Q

Force on bicuspids, canine, incisors respectively

A

300 N, 200 N, 150 N respectively

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6
Q

Good predictors of occlusal forces

A

low angles and square mandibular form= high occlusal forces

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7
Q

stress

A

when a force acts on a constrained body, the force is resisted by the body and the internal reaction is equal in magnitude and opposite in direction to the applied external force

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8
Q

All stresses can be placed into two categories

A

axial and shear

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9
Q

Tension

A

Results from two sets of forces being directed away from each other in the same strait line (stretch or elongate)

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10
Q

Compression

A

Result of two forces directed towards each other in the same strait line (compress or shorten)

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11
Q

Shear stress

A

two sets of forces directed parallel to each other, but not in the same strait line
(tends to resist sliding) ortho bracket

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12
Q

Torsion

A

results from the twisting of a body

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13
Q

Bending or Flex

A

results from applied bending movement

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14
Q

Strain

A

Each stress can produce a deformation in a body

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15
Q

Stress Strain curve
Stress X axis
Strain Y axis

A

stress-strain relationship= measure load and deformation and then calculate the corresponding stress strain

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16
Q

Elastic Deformation

A

from start to the proportional limit, where the material will regain its natural shape
Stress is linearly proportional to the strain

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17
Q

Plastic Deformation

A

from the proportional limit to the Failure point

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18
Q

failure point

A

where the material fails

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19
Q

Proportional Limit

A

PL = no permanent deformation of the material (elastic) (linear)

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20
Q

Elastic Limit

A

Is the maximum stress that a material will withstand without permanent deformation

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21
Q

Strain

A

Change in length (reported as percentage)

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22
Q

How do EL and PL differ

A

EL: deals with the proportionality of strain to stress in the structure
PL: describes the elastic behavior of the material

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23
Q

Yield Strength

A

The stress at which the materials begin to function in an aplastic manner

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24
Q

Ultimate Strength

A

The maximum strength something can withstand before failure (tension or Compression)

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25
Q

Fracture strength

A

Point at which a brittle material fractures (can result in necking)

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26
Q

Elongation

A

Deformation as a result of an application of tensile force

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27
Q

Elastic Modulus

ratio) (slope of the line is stress strain curve

A

The measure of elasticity of a material or the stiffness of a material within its elastic range

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28
Q

Poisson’s Ratio

A

In compressive loading, the increase in cross sectional within elastic range , the ratio of the lateral to the axial strain

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29
Q

Ductility

A

Its ability to be drawn and shaped into a wire by the means of tension

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30
Q

Malleability

A

The ability to be hammered and rolled into thin sheets without fracturing

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31
Q

Resilience

A

Resistance of a material to permanent deformation

area under elastic portion of Stress-strain

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32
Q

Toughness

A

Resistance of a material to fracture (total area under Stress strain curve)

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33
Q

Fracture Toughness

A

Ability to be plastically deformed without fracture

34
Q

Viscoelastic

A

Materials with mechanical properties DEPENDENT on the loading rate with viscous and elastic behavior

35
Q

Elastic

A

Materials with mechanical properties INDEPENDENT of loading rate

36
Q

Viscosity

A

Viscous=Fluidity

the resistance of a fluid to flow

37
Q

Creep Complience

A

Gives idea of elastic, viscous, and inelastic properties of material

38
Q

Hardness

A

Resistance to permanent surface indentation of penetration

39
Q

Friction

A

The resistance between contacting bodies when one moves relative to another

40
Q

Wear

A

Loss of material resulting from removal and relocation of materials through the contact of two or more central materials

41
Q

Wear types

A

adhesive: disruption of microjuntions
corrosive: physical removal of protective layer
surface fatigue: free particles with small areas of cont contribute to high localized stress
Abrasive: harder material cuts softer material

42
Q

Colloid materials

A

Characterized by their high degree of microsegmentation, They consist of two or more phases

43
Q

Adsorption

A

a liquid or gas adheres to the surface of a solid by attachment of molecules to decrease surface free energy

44
Q

Absorbtion

A

substrate diffuses into the solid material

45
Q

Surface Tension

A

is the contractive tendency of the surface of a liquid to resist its external force

46
Q

Color

A

a physiological response to a physical stimulus

objective

47
Q

Hue

A

The perceived color based on the wavelength of light

48
Q

Value

A

The quality of lightness or darkness (white high value)

49
Q

Chroma

A

The quality of a color’s purity

50
Q

Metamerism

A

Have identical tristimulus values but different spectral energy distributions

51
Q

Flourescence

A

the emission of luminous energy by a material when a beam of light is shone on it

52
Q

Opacity

A

The property that prevents the passage of light through a material

53
Q

Translucency

A

Property that permits the passage of light but disperses the light so objects cannot be seen through

54
Q

Opalescent

A

Materials that are able to scatter shorter wavelength of light

55
Q

Index of Refraction

A

the ratio of the velocity of light to its velocity in the medium

56
Q

Heat of fusion

A

heat required to go from solid to liquid

57
Q

Thermal conductivity

A

heat required to pass through a cross section that is 1 cm thick

58
Q

Specific heat

A

amount of heat to raise 1 g 1 degree

59
Q

coefficient of thermal expansion

A

The change in length per unit of length for a one degree C change in temperature

60
Q

Electrical conductivity

A

The ability of a material to conduct an electric current

61
Q

Dielectric Constant

A

A material that provides electrical insulation

62
Q

Electromotive Force

A

The voltage developed by any source of electrical energy

63
Q

Shear strength

A

Parallel opposing forces in a different plane

64
Q

Torsion

A

shear stress and a rotation of the speciment

65
Q

Fatigue Strength

A

Progressive fracture under repeated loading (applications to below its yield strength until fracture occurs

66
Q

Fracture Toughness

A

Is a property which describes the ability of a material to contain a crack to resist fracture

67
Q

Tear strength

A

The measure of the resistance of a material to tearing forces

68
Q

hardness

A

The relative resistance of a material to denting, scratching or bending

69
Q

Brinell Hardness

A

Circular indentation machine

70
Q

Knoop Hardness Test

A

The diamond indentation

Height x Length

71
Q

Vickers Hardness

A

Pyramid indenter, defined force, and measure surface area of the indentation

72
Q

Nano Indentation

A

Smaller indenter to better test the micro structural constituents of a material (resin composite

73
Q

Wear

A

The resistance to wear of the composite resins to abrasion depends on the nature of the filler particles

74
Q

Setting Time

A

The time required for the reaction of the material to be completed

75
Q

Working Time

A

Time after which the material cannot be manipulated without creating distortion in the final product

76
Q

Dynamic mechanical analysis

A

These properties allow us to predict the strength and structure of the tested materials and their applicability to the clinic

77
Q

Rheology

A

The study of deformation and flow of materials

78
Q

Pycnometry

A

the technique used to determine material density

79
Q

Polymerization Stress Test

A

Was developed to evaluate the stresses developed at the bonded interface due to resin composite polymerization while bonded to cavity walls

80
Q

Composition of Dentin

A

50% mineralized apatite Crystals
20% water
30% collagen fibrils

81
Q

Superficial Vs Deep Dentin

A

water content varies depending on dentin depth, deeper= more water content

My dental materials (1 decks)

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