Chapter 4 and 5 Cancer Unit

Question 1

Cancer Grade

Answer 1

A classification system that characterizes cancer cells based upon how similar they look to their normal
counterparts.

Question 2

Cancer Stage

Answer 2

A classification system that describes the extent to which a tumor has spread.

Question 3

Metastasis

Answer 3

The spread of malignant tumor cells to other parts of the body through blood/lymph vessels.

Question 4

Angiogenesis

Answer 4

The process of growing new blood/lymph vessels..

Question 5

Benign Tumor

Answer 5

A tumor that is hyper-proliferating, but has not spread beyond the local area of the epithelium where it
originated – not cancerous

Question 6

Malignant Tumor

Answer 6

Hyperproliferating tumor that has acquired the ability to migrate into the surrounding stroma - cancerous

Question 7

Metastatic Tumor

Answer 7

A hyperproliferating malignant tumor that has acquired the ability to travel through the blood and lymph to
secondary sites – cancerous. .

Question 8

Biopsy

Answer 8

A sample of tissue used for diagnostic purposes.

Question 9

Diagnostic Test

Answer 9

A test performed to identify the nature of a cancer.

Question 10

Endoscopy

Answer 10

The examination of the interior of a body canal, such as the esophagus, bladder, stomach, or colon, using a
flexible camera.

Question 11

Leukemias

Answer 11

A group of cancers of white blood cells that typically originate in the bone marrow.

Question 12

Mastectomy

Answer 12

Surgical removal of all or part of a breast.

Question 13

Relapse

Answer 13

The return of symptoms of cancer following a period of remission.

Question 14

Remission

Answer 14

Reduction of cancer symptoms that indicates absence of disease.

Question 15

Hospice

Answer 15

A program /shelter that provides care to decrease pain and symptoms for patients as well as addressing
emotional and spiritual needs of the patient.

Question 16

Compare and contrast the three types of tumors (Benign, Malignant, and Metastatic) and be able to explain how each occurs in the body

Answer 16

Benign: A tumor that hasn’t spread past it’s original spot. “beyond the local area of the epithelium where it
originated – not cancerous”
Malignant: Has acquired the ability to migrate to the surrounded stroma. Is Cancerous
Metastatic: Has the ability to travel through the blood stream and lymph. Is cancerous

Question 17

Explain the ABCDE of Skin tumors

Answer 17

A stands for asymmetry. (If the other side of the mole doesn’t match the other side) B stands for Border Irregularity (is the border looking normal or out of shaped.) C means color (is the color solid all the way through or spatchy) D means diameter (is it larger then 6 millimeters) E is for evolving (is it changing in shape, color, or size)

Question 18

Explain the three grades of cancer cells and what they each mean

Answer 18

Grade one is normal looking cells that are growing at a fast past. Grade two is made of cells that don’t look like normal cells and are starting to grow faster then normal cells do. Grade three are cells that look abnormal and can grow or spread more aggressively.

Question 19

Explain in detail the four stages of cancer

Answer 19

Stage zero is when the cancer is where it started and didn’t spread. Stage one means that the cancer is still in the spot it started and there hasn’t been any spreading. Stage two means that the cancer has grown but has not spread. Stage three means that the tumor has enlarged and has possibly spread to the surrounding tissues and/or the lymph nodes. Stage four is when the cancer has spread to a different organ.

Question 20

What is the difference between a Screen and a Diagnostic Test, give examples of both, and explain them

Answer 20

A diagnosis test is a test that is a 100 accurate to show if there is a condition present. A screen testing is too look at the risk whether a condition present.

Question 21

What are the three main strategies for treating cancer and list all of their pros and cons

Answer 21

Surgery is one of the possible strategies, a pro is it can get out most of the cancer, once gone can’t grow anymore. Cons is there is a high risk of death, risk of infection, metastasis, and scar tissue can cause problems in organ. Another treatment is radiation. Pros are Minimally invasive, can be highly localized, and some cancers are very susceptible. Cons are Must know location, Dose must be minimized or secondary risk, Damages reproductive organs, Some cancers are not susceptible. The last treatment is chemotherapy. Pros are that it treats the whole body, and can combine drugs to minimize resistance. Cons are it kills all of the rapidly dividing cells like hair and nails which causes side affects, doesn’t kill slowing dividing cells, some cancers are resistant, and some cancers develop resistance.

Question 22

What is the difference between Remission and Relapse in cancer terms

Answer 22

Remission means that the cancer and symptoms have either all the way reduced or partially reduced. Relapse means that the cancer has came back after a period of being cancer free.