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Forensic 1 > Chapter 4 And 5 > Flashcards

Chapter 4 And 5 Flashcards

1
Q

A disc of transparent glass generally bounded by two spherical surfaces capable of transforming an image.

A

Lens

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2
Q

The eye of the camera is also the heart of the camera.

A

Lens

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3
Q

A piece of transparent material made of glass or plastic with 2 opposite

A

Lens

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4
Q

composed of 1 lens

A

Simple Lenses

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5
Q

A lens that is thicker at the middle than at the edge.

✓ It gathers light rays and refracts them to meet in a certain point.

A

Convex Lens

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6
Q

is thicker at the edges than at the center; light rays passing through a
diverging lens are vent outward.

A

Concave Lens

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7
Q

t consists of two or more simple lenses fitted together.

✓ Simple lenses generally produce aberrated (imperfect) images which can be corrected using compound lenses .

A

Compound Lenses

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8
Q

largest opening of the diaphragm that the light can pass
through.

A

Lens Speed

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9
Q

A lens with larger maximum aperture (that is, a smaller f-number) is a fast lens
because it delivers more light intensity to the focal plane, allowing a faster

A

Fast Lens

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10
Q

A smaller maximum aperture (larger maximum f – number) is slow lens because
it delivers less light intensity and requires a slower shutter speed. (e.g. f3.5, f5.6)

A

Slow Lens

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11
Q

This refers to the size of the image produced by lens depend upon factors – camera – to – subject and focal length. The lens collects the rays reflection from each point and brings them into focus at the focal plane

A

Image Size

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12
Q

This refers to good lenses that are capable of reproducing circles of confusion much smaller than 1/1000 of an inch. This permits the focal plane to be moved forward or backward form the plane of critical focus to the point where the circles reach 1/1000 inch in diameter and the image begins to blur. This allowable movement of the focal plane is called depth distance.

A

Depth of Focus

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13
Q

This refers to the lens that is focused on an object at infinity, the distance from the lens to the nearest object in sharp focus is called

A

Hyperfocal Distance

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14
Q

This refers to the distance from the optical center of the lens to the focal plane, when the lens is focused on infinity.

A

Focal Plane

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15
Q

This refers to the distance so far away that rays are considered parallel when they reach the camera.
To find the lens speed divides the diameter of the lens into the focal length.

A

Infinity

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16
Q

This refers to the point where diverging rays would meet if their directions were reversed.

A

Virtual Focus

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17
Q

This refers to the point of convergence of the light rays.

A

Real Focus

18
Q

The distance between the lens (technically from its rear nodal point) and the focal plane when the lens is focused on infinity.

A

Focal Length

19
Q

The amount of the scene shown on a given size of film.

A

Angle of view

20
Q

A lens with a focal length equal to the diagonal measure of the image area.
✓ By international standards, 50 mm.
✓ Lenses with focal lengths from 45 to 60 millimeters are normal lenses because they produce an image that is approximately the same with the view angle of the human eye which is 45 degrees

A

Standard or Normal Lens

21
Q

It provides a field of view of 180 degrees or more.

A

Fish Eye Lens

22
Q

Increases the angle of view and thus reduces the size of the image compared to the image formed by a normal lens.

A

Wide angle lens

23
Q

Lens with longer focal length that constrict the field of view and decrease the depth of field while greatly magnifying the image. e.g. 85mm, 100mm, 200mm, 300mm etc.

A

Long or Telephoto Lens or Narrow Angle

24
Q

A special type of camera lens with variable focal length which can be adjusted continuously by the movement of the variable focus lens.
✓ This lens allows quick adjustment to give a wider or narrower field of vision but keeping the image in focus.
e.g. 24mm – 135mm

A

Zoom Lens

25
Q

The failure of light rays to focus properly after they pass through a lens or reflect
from a mirror.

A

Aberration

26
Q

This aberration occurs because light hitting the outer parts of the lens is bent more sharply and comes to a focus sooner than that passing through the middle.

A

Spherical aberration

27
Q

The failure of different colored light rays to focus after passing through a lens.
✓ The focusing of light of different colors at different points resulting in a blurred image.

A

Chromatic aberration

28
Q

The inability of the lens to bring horizontal and vertical lines in the subject to the same plane of focus in the image.

occurs at the edge of the image; the image appears elliptical or cross-shaped because of an irregularity in the curvature of the lens.

A

Astigmatism

29
Q

It occurs when light falling obliquely on the lens and passing through different circular zones is brought to a focus at different distances from the film plane.
✓ A spot of light appears to have a tail, rather like a comet.

A

Coma

30
Q

The plane of sharpest focus becomes curved, not flat.
✓ It is caused by rays from the outer limits of the subject plane coming to focus nearer to the lens than the axial rays.

A

Curvature of Field

31
Q

causes the image of a straight line, at the edges of the field to bow in or out.

A

Distortion

32
Q

result of double reflection from inner lens surfaces.
✓ It exhibits self as a misty hazy or cloudy semi circular path of light.

A

Flare or Optical Flare

33
Q

This refers to colored disks of glass or gelatine which are placed in front of the camera lens to improve the quality of pictures; homogenous mediums which absorb different wavelengths of electromagnetic energy; these are dyed gelatine sheets cemented between carefully selected glass.

A

Filters

34
Q

This refers to photographic filters that are used effectively when photographing blood. When used outdoors, a blue filters will make the sky, or any blue object, appear white in the photograph.

A

Blue Filters

35
Q

This refers to photographic filters that are used in place of blue filters for photographing blood. Often, they work better than blue filters.

A

Green Filters

36
Q

This refers to photographic filters that are used to photograph white cars; the details of the car will stand out.

A

Yellow Filters

37
Q

This refers to photographic filters that is used toscreens out the violet end of the spectrum. It is placed in front of a lens and left there; it will not only improve most of the police photographer’s work, it will also prevent the lens from being scratched.

A

Ultraviolet or UV Filters

38
Q

This refers to photographic filters that are used to cut down light transmission. It does not affect the tonal quality of the scene. They are also used to reduce the light intensity to prevent over exposure.

A

Neutral Density Filters

39
Q

This refers to photographic a filter that is used primarily to control light reflected from highly polished surfaces, metallic objects and others. It is very useful in photographing many different vehicles in auto accidents. This is the only filter that can increase the blue saturation in the sky in a color photograph without altering the remaining colors in the scene.

A

Polarizing Filters

40
Q

This refers to photographic filters that are used to remove excess bluishness from distant view outdoors

A

Haze and Skylight Filters

41
Q

This refers to photographic filters that are intended to alter the response to the spectral sensitivity in terms of the naked eye.

A

Correction Filters

42
Q

This refers to the ratio of the time exposure with or without filter.

A

Filter Factors

Forensic 1 (2 decks)

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